The frozen modal unda with present, past, and future obligation, plus the ar unda / aghar unda negation split.
I can express what I must do, had to do, and no longer need to do.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
გუშინ ექიმთან უნდა წავსულიყავი, მაგრამ დამავიწყდა.
Yesterday I was supposed to go to the doctor, but I forgot.
ხვალ უნდა ვიმუშაო, შაბათს კი - არა.
Tomorrow I have to work, but on Saturday I don't.
აღარ უნდა ინერვიულო - ყველაფერი კარგად იქნება.
You shouldn't worry anymore - everything will be fine.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
უნდა itself never changes - the verb after it carries the time: უნდა წავიდე (I must go), უნდა წავსულიყავი (I was supposed to go), ხვალ უნდა ვიმუშაო (tomorrow I must work). Negations split meaningfully: არ უნდა (shouldn't), აღარ უნდა (no longer need to).
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesTrying to conjugate unda or mark its tense (*undada) and using the present optative for past obligation (*gushin unda ts'avide).
Conjugating unda itself or using present optative for past obligation
Time-frame drills: unda ts'avide (now/future) vs unda ts'avsuliqavi (past).
გუშინ ექიმთან უნდა წავსულიყავი, მაგრამ დამავიწყდა.
Yesterday I was supposed to go to the doctor, but I forgot.
Past obligation: unda stays frozen, the verb shifts to the past subjunctive ts'avsuliqavi.
ხვალ უნდა ვიმუშაო, შაბათს კი - არა.
Tomorrow I have to work, but on Saturday I don't.
Future obligation = same unda + optative; time words do the rest.
აღარ უნდა ინერვიულო - ყველაფერი კარგად იქნება.
You shouldn't worry anymore - everything will be fine.
aghar unda + optative = 'no longer need to'.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises