Personal Pronouns
Polish personal pronouns
I can use all personal pronouns and formal Pan/Pani
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Ja jestem studentem.
I am a student.
Oni są tutaj.
They are here. (men)
Co pan chce?
What would you like? (formal)
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Personal Pronouns
Polish has 7 personal pronouns. Third person plural distinguishes oni (mixed/male groups) from one (all-female). Formal address uses Pan/Pani with 3rd person verbs.
The oni/one distinction and Pan/Pani formal address with 3rd person verbs are the main challenges.
Ja jestem studentem.
I am a student.
Ja jestem studentem — ja (I) is often dropped because the verb ending shows the person.
Oni są tutaj.
They are here. (men)
Oni są tutaj — oni for groups including at least one male (personal masculine plural).
Co pan chce?
What would you like? (formal)
Co pan chce? — formal address uses Pan/Pani + 3rd person verb, not ty + 2nd person.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises