Verb aspect system: completed, uncompleted, contemplated
Verb aspect system: completed, uncompleted, contemplated
Can use -um- verbs in three aspects: completed, uncompleted, contemplated
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Kumain na ako.
I already ate.
Kumakain pa siya.
He/she is still eating.
Kakain tayo mamaya.
We'll eat later.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Sa Tagalog, ang pandiwa (verb) ay walang conjugation ayon sa tao. Sa halip, gumagamit ng aspekto:
| Aspekto | Kahulugan | Halimbawa (kain) |
|---|---|---|
| Perpektibo | Tapos na | kumain |
| Imperpektibo | Ginagawa pa | kumakain |
| Kontemplatibo | Gagawin pa lang | kakain |
Pattern para sa -um- verbs:
- Perpektibo: isingit ang -um- pagkatapos ng unang katinig
- Imperpektibo: -um- + ulit ng unang pantig
- Kontemplatibo: ulit ng unang pantig (walang -um-)
Common Error Patterns
Error with Verb aspect system: completed, uncompleted, contemplated
Review the rules for Mga Pandiwa — Aspekto
Kumain na ako.
I already ate.
Kumain = ate (completed). -um- infix after k. Na = already.
Kumakain pa siya.
He/she is still eating.
Kumakain = eating (uncompleted). Reduplication of first syllable ka-.
Kakain tayo mamaya.
We'll eat later.
Kakain = will eat (contemplated). No -um-, just reduplication. Tayo = we (inclusive).
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises