Grammar Reference

Filipino alphabet (28 letters) and pronunciation rules

Can recognize and pronounce Filipino letters including ng, ñ, and stress patterns

Personal pronouns in three cases: ang, ng, sa

Can use personal pronouns in ang, ng, and sa forms

Case markers ang/ng/sa for nouns — the core of Tagalog grammar

Can use ang/ng/sa markers to construct basic sentences

Negation with hindi and wala

Can negate sentences using hindi and wala

Question formation with ba and question words

Can form yes/no and wh-questions in Tagalog

Respect markers po and opo in Filipino culture

Can use po/opo appropriately to show respect in Filipino culture

Existential and possessive with may/mayroon

Can express existence and possession with may/mayroon/wala

Conjunctions: at, o, pero, kasi, kung, kapag

Can connect sentences using common conjunctions

Adjectives with ma- prefix and linkers -ng/na

Can use ma- adjectives with correct linkers (-ng/na)

Common nouns and pluralization with mga

Can form plurals with mga and use common nouns

Verb aspect system: completed, uncompleted, contemplated

Can use -um- verbs in three aspects: completed, uncompleted, contemplated

Mag- prefix verbs and their aspect forms

Can use mag- verbs in three aspects

Ma- prefix verbs (stative/involuntary)

Can use ma- verbs for stative and involuntary actions

Commands and requests

Can give commands, make polite requests, and express prohibitions

Expressing wants, dislikes, and needs

Can express wants, dislikes, and needs

Cardinal numbers from 1 to 100 (native and Spanish-derived)

Can use numbers 1-100 in both native and Spanish-derived systems

Telling time and days of the week

Can tell time and name days of the week

Place words: dito, diyan, doon and prepositions

Can use dito/diyan/doon and sa + place for locations

Time adverbs: kahapon, ngayon, bukas, kanina, mamaya

Can use time adverbs to place events in time

Prepositions and directional words

Can use prepositions and directional phrases

Essential daily expressions and social formulas

Can use essential daily expressions for greetings, thanks, and social interaction