Accusative forms of personal pronouns: mě/mne, tě/tebe, ho, ji, je
Can use accusative personal pronouns in both short and long forms correctly
例文を見てください。文法パターンを見つけられますか？
Vidím tě každý den.
I see you every day.
Dělám to pro tebe.
I am doing it for you.
Čekám na něj už hodinu.
I have been waiting for him for an hour.
ハイライトされた部分に注目してください。共通点は何ですか？
English pronouns already have object forms: "I" becomes "me", "he" becomes "him". Czech has them too, and for some persons it has two: a short, unstressed form for ordinary use and a full form for emphasis or after a preposition.
| Person | Short (usual) | Full (stressed) | After a preposition |
|---|---|---|---|
| já - me | mě | mě (formal mne) | pro mě |
| ty - you | tě | tebe | pro tebe |
| on - him; ono - it | ho | jeho (a person) | pro něj, pro něho |
| ona - her | ji | ji | pro ni |
| my - us | nás | nás | pro nás |
| vy - you | vás | vás | pro vás |
| oni, ony, ona - them | je | je | pro ně |
In English the object pronoun follows the verb: "Petr knows him". The Czech short form goes to the second position in the sentence, wherever the verb is: Petr ho zná. Já tě vidím. Včera jsem ji potkal. If the verb comes first, the pronoun lands right after it, which looks like English: Znáš ho? But *Petr zná ho sounds wrong to a Czech, and Mám tě rád keeps tě in second place, with rád at the end.
Use the full form when the pronoun carries the stress, typically when you contrast two people: Znám jeho, ne ji. - "I know him, not her." Miluju tebe, ne Petra. English does this with voice alone; Czech changes the word.
After a preposition, the third-person pronouns start with n-: To je pro něj. Čekám na ni. Těším se na ně. So "her" is ji after a verb but ni after na or pro. The other persons simply use their full form: pro tebe, na mě, pro vás.
Je means both "is" and "them": Kde jsou děti? Nevidím je. - "Where are the children? I can't see them." Context settles it. And mě ("me") sounds exactly like mně ("to me", "about me"). Telling them apart in writing is a spelling drill every Czech schoolchild goes through, so you are in good company: Vidíš mě? - "Can you see me?", but Mně se to líbí - "I like it", and Mluví o mně - "They're talking about me".
A1コースの練習問題でこの文法を応用しましょう
練習問題Vidím tě každý den.
I see you every day.
Short form tě in second position. The pronoun comes right after the verb.
Dělám to pro tebe.
I am doing it for you.
Long form tebe after preposition pro. Prepositions always require the long form.
Čekám na něj už hodinu.
I have been waiting for him for an hour.
After preposition na, the 3rd person pronoun gets n- prefix: on → na něj (not *na jej).
コースで練習
A1コースの練習問題でこの文法を応用しましょう