कर्म पर को

A2 — कारक

किसे को लगता है और किसे नहीं — सजीव और निश्चित कर्म

I can decide whether a direct object needs ko

किसे को लगता है और किसे नहीं — सजीव और निश्चित कर्म

Examples

— Ich rief Ram.
— Ich trank Tee.
— Sie fütterte die Kinder.

कारकA2

कर्म पर को

किसे को लगता है और किसे नहीं — सजीव और निश्चित कर्म

Lernziel

I can decide whether a direct object needs ko

Prüfungskompetenzen:बोलनालिखना

Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?

Ich rief Ram.

Ich trank Tee.

Sie fütterte die Kinder.

Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?

Not every object takes को

Hindi marks some direct objects with को and leaves others bare. The rule is roughly: people and definite things take it, indefinite things do not.

मैंने किताब पढ़ी। - I read a book. (bare)
मैंने लड़के को देखा। - I saw the boy. (person, so को)
मैंने वह किताब पढ़ी। / मैंने उस किताब को पढ़ा। - both possible; the second insists on that particular book.

It changes the agreement

This matters in the ने construction. A bare object controls agreement; an object marked with को does not, and the verb falls back to the default masculine singular:

मैंने चिट्ठी लिखी। - likhi, agreeing with chitthi.
मैंने लड़की को देखा। - dekha, not dekhi, because ko blocks the agreement.

So को has consequences two words away, which is why it is worth a topic of its own.

Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A2 an

Übungsaufgaben

Marking every object with ko, or forgetting that ko blocks verb agreement.

Häufige Fehlermuster

ko on every direct object

Indefinite non-human objects stay bare: maine chay pi.

Verb still agreeing with a ko-marked object

ko blocks agreement; the verb defaults to masculine singular.

Ich rief Ram.

A person, so ko; and bulaya does not agree with Ram.

Ich trank Tee.

Indefinite thing: bare object, and pi agrees with chay.

Sie fütterte die Kinder.

People take ko; the verb agrees with khana instead.

Im Kurs üben

Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A2 an

A2 Kurs

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Quellen

Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006
Outline of Hindi Grammar — Oxford University Press, 1995

Not every object takes को

Hindi marks some direct objects with को and leaves others bare. The rule is roughly: people and definite things take it, indefinite things do not.

मैंने किताब पढ़ी। - I read a book. (bare)
मैंने लड़के को देखा। - I saw the boy. (person, so को)
मैंने वह किताब पढ़ी। / मैंने उस किताब को पढ़ा। - both possible; the second insists on that particular book.

It changes the agreement

This matters in the ने construction. A bare object controls agreement; an object marked with को does not, and the verb falls back to the default masculine singular:

मैंने चिट्ठी लिखी। - likhi, agreeing with chitthi.
मैंने लड़की को देखा। - dekha, not dekhi, because ko blocks the agreement.

So को has consequences two words away, which is why it is worth a topic of its own.