주격 조사 이/가

A1 — 조사

Subject marker particles 이/가 — identifying the subject or presenting new information

Can use 이/가 to mark the subject and present new information in a sentence

Subject marker particles 이/가 — identifying the subject or presenting new information

Examples

비가 와요. — Es regnet.
누가 했어요? — Wer hat das gemacht?
고양이가 있어요. — Es gibt eine Katze.
제가 할게요. — Ich mache das.

조사A1

Subjektpartikel 이/가

Subjektpartikel 이/가 — Identifizierung des Subjekts oder Darstellung neuer Information

Lernziel

Kann 이/가 verwenden, um das Subjekt zu markieren und neue Information darzustellen

Prüfungskompetenzen:쓰기읽기

Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?

비가 와요.

Es regnet.

누가 했어요?

Wer hat das gemacht?

고양이가 있어요.

Es gibt eine Katze.

제가 할게요.

Ich mache das.

Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?

주격 조사 이/가 — Subject Marker

The subject markers 이 and 가 identify the grammatical subject of a sentence. They highlight new information or answer the question "who/what?"

Form:

Condition	Marker	Example
After consonant (받침)	이	선생님이 왔어요. (The teacher came.)
After vowel (no 받침)	가	비가 와요. (Rain is coming.)

When to use 이/가:

New information / identification: 누가 왔어요? — 민수가 왔어요. (Who came? — Minsu came.)
Existence: 고양이가 있어요. (There IS a cat.)
Description with adjectives: 날씨가 좋아요. (The weather is nice — stating a fact now.)
After question words: 누구가, 뭐가, 어디가

은/는 vs 이/가 side by side:

은/는 (Topic)	이/가 (Subject)
저는 학생이에요. As for me, I'm a student.	제가 학생이에요. I (am the one who) am a student.
날씨는 좋아요. The weather (in general) is nice.	날씨가 좋아요. The weather (right now) is nice!

Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an

Übungsaufgaben

Learners mix up 이/가 with 은/는 constantly. The topic/subject distinction takes months to internalize. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English uses 'the' for known info and 'a' for new info — this is the closest analogy: 은/는 ≈ 'the' (known), 이/가 ≈ 'a' (new, surprising). But it's not exact. 🇩🇪 German speakers: German definite/indefinite articles (der vs ein) partially parallel topic/subject: known topics get 은/는, new subjects get 이/가. German topicalization also helps.

Häufige Fehlermuster

Used 이/가 where 은/는 is needed (or vice versa)

이/가 = new info, answering 'who/what?'. 은/는 = known topic, contrast. After question words → always 이/가

Used 이 after vowel or 가 after consonant

이 after 받침: 선생님이. 가 after vowel: 비가

비가 와요.

Es regnet.

비 (Regen) + 가 (Subjekt): Es regnet — 가 stellt dies als neue Information dar.

누가 했어요?

Wer hat das gemacht?

누구 (wer) + 가 → 누가 (verkürzt). Fragewörter nehmen immer 이/가, nie 은/는.

고양이가 있어요.

Es gibt eine Katze.

Mit 있다/없다 (Existenz) verwendet man 이/가: 고양이 (Katze) + 가 (Subjekt) + 있어요 (existiert).

제가 할게요.

Ich mache das.

제 (ich) + 가 (Subjekt): 'Ich bin derjenige, der es tun wird.' Vergleich: 저는 할게요 vs 제가 할게요 (ICH mache das).

Im Kurs üben

Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses A1 an

A1 Kurs

← Zurück zu den Themen

Gleich anwenden

Kostenlose Übung aus dem Kurs ausprobieren

Condition

Marker

Example

After consonant (받침)

이

선생님이 왔어요. (The teacher came.)

After vowel (no 받침)

가

비가 와요. (Rain is coming.)

은/는 (Topic)

이/가 (Subject)

저는 학생이에요.
As for me, I'm a student.

제가 학생이에요.
I (am the one who) am a student.

날씨는 좋아요.
The weather (in general) is nice.

날씨가 좋아요.
The weather (right now) is nice!