Accusative forms of personal pronouns: mě/mne, tě/tebe, ho, ji, je
Can use accusative personal pronouns in both short and long forms correctly
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Vidím tě každý den.
I see you every day.
Dělám to pro tebe.
I am doing it for you.
Čekám na něj už hodinu.
I have been waiting for him for an hour.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
English pronouns already have object forms: "I" becomes "me", "he" becomes "him". Czech has them too, and for some persons it has two: a short, unstressed form for ordinary use and a full form for emphasis or after a preposition.
| Person | Short (usual) | Full (stressed) | After a preposition |
|---|---|---|---|
| já - me | mě | mě (formal mne) | pro mě |
| ty - you | tě | tebe | pro tebe |
| on - him; ono - it | ho | jeho (a person) | pro něj, pro něho |
| ona - her | ji | ji | pro ni |
| my - us | nás | nás | pro nás |
| vy - you | vás | vás | pro vás |
| oni, ony, ona - them | je | je | pro ně |
In English the object pronoun follows the verb: "Petr knows him". The Czech short form goes to the second position in the sentence, wherever the verb is: Petr ho zná. Já tě vidím. Včera jsem ji potkal. If the verb comes first, the pronoun lands right after it, which looks like English: Znáš ho? But *Petr zná ho sounds wrong to a Czech, and Mám tě rád keeps tě in second place, with rád at the end.
Use the full form when the pronoun carries the stress, typically when you contrast two people: Znám jeho, ne ji. - "I know him, not her." Miluju tebe, ne Petra. English does this with voice alone; Czech changes the word.
After a preposition, the third-person pronouns start with n-: To je pro něj. Čekám na ni. Těším se na ně. So "her" is ji after a verb but ni after na or pro. The other persons simply use their full form: pro tebe, na mě, pro vás.
Je means both "is" and "them": Kde jsou děti? Nevidím je. - "Where are the children? I can't see them." Context settles it. And mě ("me") sounds exactly like mně ("to me", "about me"). Telling them apart in writing is a spelling drill every Czech schoolchild goes through, so you are in good company: Vidíš mě? - "Can you see me?", but Mně se to líbí - "I like it", and Mluví o mně - "They're talking about me".
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesUsed long pronoun form where short form is required or vice versa
Short forms (mě, tě, ho) go in 2nd position. Long forms (mne, tebe, jeho) go after prepositions or for emphasis.
Missing n- prefix on 3rd person pronoun after a preposition
After prepositions, 3rd person pronouns take n-: na něj, pro ni, s ním. Without preposition: ho, ji, je.
Vidím tě každý den.
I see you every day.
Short form tě in second position. The pronoun comes right after the verb.
Dělám to pro tebe.
I am doing it for you.
Long form tebe after preposition pro. Prepositions always require the long form.
Čekám na něj už hodinu.
I have been waiting for him for an hour.
After preposition na, the 3rd person pronoun gets n- prefix: on → na něj (not *na jej).
Ready-made hints are free
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises