Nyelvtani utmutato

Finnish alphabet, vowel harmony, double letters, special sounds å/ä/ö

I can recognize and pronounce Finnish vowels, consonants, and understand vowel harmony.

Consonant gradation (K-P-T): strong/weak alternation in stems

I can recognize and apply basic consonant gradation patterns (K-P-T).

Personal pronouns: minä, sinä, hän, me, te, he; colloquial forms mä, sä

I can use Finnish personal pronouns and understand that hän is gender-neutral.

Possessive structure: minun + possessive suffix, kenellä on

I can express possession using genitive + suffix and the 'kenellä on' structure.

Verb 'olla' (to be): conjugation, negation, usage

I can conjugate 'olla' in present tense, make negative sentences, and ask yes/no questions.

Verb types 1 (puhua), 2 (syödä), 3 (tulla): conjugation patterns

I can conjugate common type 1-3 verbs in present tense.

Negation with ei-verb: en, et, ei, emme, ette, eivät + verb stem

I can form negative sentences and negative questions in Finnish.

Past tense (imperfect): olla in past, type 1 verbs with -i- marker

I can use past tense of olla and type 1 verbs.

Nominative case: basic form, subject, predicate

I can use the nominative case for subjects and predicates.

Partitive case: after numbers, mass nouns, negation, -a/-ä/-ta/-tä

I can form and use the partitive case for quantities, substances, negation, and ongoing actions.

Genitive case: possession (-n), with postpositions

I can use genitive for possession, with postpositions, and for completed objects.

Inessive (-ssa/-ssä = in/at) and elative (-sta/-stä = from/out of)

I can express being in a place and moving from a place using inessive and elative.

Illative case: direction into (-Vn, -seen, -hin)

I can express direction into a place using illative case.

Adessive (-lla/-llä = on/at surface) and ablative (-lta/-ltä = from surface)

I can express location on surfaces, and use the 'minulla on' possession structure.

Allative case: direction onto/to (-lle), recipient

I can express direction to surfaces and recipients using allative.

Numbers 1-100, ordinals, telling time in Finnish

I can use numbers 1-100 and tell time in Finnish.

Question formation: -ko/-kö particle, question words (mikä, kuka, missä, milloin, miksi, miten)

I can form yes/no questions and use question words.

Word order: SVO basic, topic-fronting, question inversion

I can use correct Finnish word order in statements and questions.

Adjective agreement: adjective matches noun in case and number

I can use adjectives that agree with nouns in case and number.

Postpositions (after noun) and prepositions: kanssa, ilman, lähellä, edessä, takana

I can use common postpositions with correct case.