Directional prepositions: do+Gen, z/ze+Gen, k/ke+Dat, od+Gen for movement
Can express movement to and from places using directional prepositions with correct cases
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
Ráno jdu do školy a odpoledne ze školy.
In the morning I go to school and in the afternoon from school.
Pojedu k babičce a pak od babičky domů.
I'll go to grandma's and then from grandma's home.
Jdeme na koncert.
We're going to a concert.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
English gets by with to and from: to Prague, to the post office, to the doctor's. Czech needs to know what kind of place you are heading for - a space you go into, a place or event you go onto, or a person you go to - and each choice brings its own case. The good news is that the system is a neat grid. Learn it as a grid and it stops being a list of exceptions.
| Where to? (kam) | Where from? (odkud) | Where at? (kde) |
|---|---|---|
| do + genitive: do Prahy, do školy, do obchodu | z / ze + genitive: z Prahy, ze školy, z obchodu | v / ve + locative: v Praze, ve škole, v obchodě |
| na + accusative: na poštu, na koncert, na Moravu | z / ze + genitive: z pošty, z koncertu, z Moravy | na + locative: na poště, na koncertě, na Moravě |
| k / ke + dative: k lékaři, k babičce | od + genitive: od lékaře, od babičky | u + genitive: u lékaře, u babičky |
Read it row by row. If a place takes v when you are there, it takes do when you go there and z when you leave. If it takes na, you go na it (with a different case) and come back z it. People sit in the third row: you go k them, you are u them (at their place), you come back od them.
English speakers pick one preposition for "to" and use it everywhere, usually do. *Jdu do lékaře sounds as if you mean to climb inside the doctor. Ask the grid question: a building or city, an event or na-place, or a person?
Most countries and towns take do: do Německa, do Brna. A few take na and must be remembered: na Slovensko, na Moravu, na Šumavu. The Czech weekend has its own fixed phrase: V pátek jedeme na chatu - On Friday we're going to the cottage. And in summer whole families drive south k moři, to the seaside, often do Chorvatska.
"Home" is a special word, not a preposition phrase: Jdu domů - I'm going home. Do domu means "into the house", and from home is z domova.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1
Вправи для практикиRáno jdu do školy a odpoledne ze školy.
In the morning I go to school and in the afternoon from school.
Do + Gen (direction into): škola → školy. Ze + Gen (direction out): škola → školy. Opposite pair.
Pojedu k babičce a pak od babičky domů.
I'll go to grandma's and then from grandma's home.
K + Dat (toward person): babička → babičce. Od + Gen (from person): babička → babičky.
Jdeme na koncert.
We're going to a concert.
Na + Akk for events and some locations: koncert → koncert (Akk = Nom for inanimate M).
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A1