ए-इज़ाफ़त, बे-, ना-, -आत — फ़ारसी से आई रचनाएँ
I can recognise Persian formations and read them correctly
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
This is pointless.
He is displeased with me.
All the papers are ready.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
A Persian linking vowel joins two nouns, written as a small -ए-: शेर-ए-पंजाब - the lion of Punjab. It survives in names, titles, film titles and poetry, and it reverses the Hindi order: the head comes first.
Some borrowed nouns keep their original plural: काग़ज़ात (papers), हालात (circumstances), मकानात (buildings). These are formal and appear mostly in writing.
Recognising the layer explains why बेकार is not built from any Hindi root, and why शेर-ए-पंजाब puts the lion first when Hindi would say पंजाब का शेर.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2
Вправи для практикиTrying to parse a Persian word with Hindi morphology.
Persian word parsed with Hindi morphology
Recognise the layer first; bekar has no Hindi root.
izafat order read as Hindi order
sher-e-punjab puts the head first, unlike punjab ka sher.
This is pointless.
be- is the Persian negative prefix, like the Russian bes-.
He is displeased with me.
na- plus the Persian raz.
All the papers are ready.
An Arabic plural kept intact, formal in register.
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2