धन्यवाद या शुक्रिया — एक ही अर्थ, दो परंपराएँ
I can recognise the register of a word and choose one that fits the situation
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
Thanks, mate.
Thank you for your cooperation.
There's no time.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
Hindi draws on two large vocabularies. Sanskrit-derived words (तत्सम) dominate formal writing, news and officialdom; Persian and Arabic borrowings dominate everyday speech, poetry and film.
| Meaning | Sanskritic | Perso-Arabic |
|---|---|---|
| thank you | धन्यवाद | शुक्रिया |
| question | प्रश्न | सवाल |
| answer | उत्तर | जवाब |
| time | समय | वक़्त |
| city | नगर | शहर |
| hope | आशा | उम्मीद |
Neither is more correct. In conversation the Perso-Arabic word is usually the more natural of the pair; in a written notice or a news bulletin the Sanskritic one is. Mixing them in one sentence is entirely ordinary.
A third layer is inherited rather than borrowed: words worn down from Sanskrit over centuries. काम from कर्म, दूध from दुग्ध, हाथ from हस्त. These are the oldest and commonest words in the language.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B1
Вправи для практикиUsing the formal Sanskritic word in casual conversation, which sounds stiff.
Sanskritic word used in casual speech
In conversation the Perso-Arabic member is usually the natural one.
Assuming the borrowing is the bookish word
In Hindi the borrowed Persian layer is the colloquial one.
Thanks, mate.
The Perso-Arabic word in casual speech.
Thank you for your cooperation.
The Sanskritic pair in a formal notice, like the Russian blagodarim.
There's no time.
vaqt is the everyday word; samay belongs to a written notice.
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B1