Common irregular past tense forms: tuve, hice, pude, estuve
Can use common irregular past tense forms to narrate past events
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Ayer tuve mucho trabajo.
Yesterday I had a lot of work.
¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana?
What did you do on the weekend?
No pude dormir anoche.
I couldn't sleep last night.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
A group of very frequent verbs form the preterite on a new stem and take their own set of endings. The good news: once you have the stem, all eight share one set of endings, and none of the forms carries a written accent.
| Infinitive | Preterite stem | yo | él / ella | ellos / ellas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tener - to have | tuv- | tuve | tuvo | tuvieron |
| estar - to be | estuv- | estuve | estuvo | estuvieron |
| hacer - to do, make | hic- / hiz- | hice | hizo | hicieron |
| poder - can | pud- | pude | pudo | pudieron |
| poner - to put | pus- | puse | puso | pusieron |
| saber - to know | sup- | supe | supo | supieron |
| venir - to come | vin- | vine | vino | vinieron |
| decir - to say | dij- | dije | dijo | dijeron |
Stem + -e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron: tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron. Compare the regular comí, comió: here the stress falls on the stem, TU-ve, TU-vo, so there is no accent. *Tuvé and *hizó are the errors to avoid.
Stems ending in j drop the i in the plural: dijeron, not *dijieron. The same happens with traer → trajeron and conducir → condujeron.
Hacer writes hizo with a z, simply because c before o would be pronounced "k".
Two of these verbs mean something slightly different in the preterite. Supe is "I found out": Lo supe ayer - I found out yesterday. No pude means you tried and failed, not just that you were unable in general. English uses different verbs for these; Spanish lets the tense do it.
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Вправи для практикиAyer tuve mucho trabajo.
Yesterday I had a lot of work.
tener → tuve (irregular stem tuv-). No accent mark (unlike regular hablé).
¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana?
What did you do on the weekend?
hacer → tú hiciste (irregular stem hic-). Él/ella form: hizo (c→z before o).
No pude dormir anoche.
I couldn't sleep last night.
poder → yo pude (irregular stem pud-). All irregular preterites share the same set of endings.
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