Locative plural endings -ech/-ích/-ách by stem type, with the k/h/ch/g rule and frequent place expressions
I can talk about locations in the plural using the correct -ech/-ích/-ách ending for each stem type.
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O prázdninách jezdíme na chatu k rybníku.
During the holidays we go to the cottage by the pond.
V českých hospodách se hraje karetní hra prší.
In Czech pubs people play the card game prší.
Po večerech čteme dětem pohádky Boženy Němcové.
In the evenings we read Božena Němcová's fairy tales to the children.
Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?
The locative plural is the case of "in the mountains", "in Czech pubs", "at Christmas". Like the singular, it only ever comes after a preposition (v, na, o, po, při), and English, which just adds -s, gives you no clue to it. The good news is that there are only three main endings, and they follow the noun's type.
| Noun type | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| hard masculine and neuter (hrad, pán, město) | -ech | v obchodech, o studentech, ve městech, v divadlech |
| soft nouns of every gender (stroj, muž, růže, píseň, moře) | -ích | v pokojích, o mužích, v ulicích, v písních, v mořích |
| hard feminine (žena) | -ách | v hospodách, v bankách, v knihách, na horách |
Masculine nouns whose stem ends in one of these take -ích and shift the consonant, the same shift you know from v Praze: k → c, h → z, ch → š, g → z. So park gives v parcích, vlak gives ve vlacích, jazyk gives v cizích jazycích, břeh gives na březích Vltavy. In everyday speech you will hear v parkách, ve vlakách; that is colloquial, so write -ích. Feminine nouns keep their consonant and take -ách: v bankách, na střechách. Neuters in -ko usually do the same: kufr na kolečkách, a suitcase on wheels.
Feminine nouns in -ost, and a few like kost and věc, take -ech: o radostech, ve věcech. Body parts that come in pairs keep old forms: v rukou, na nohou, v očích, v uších, as in the saying stát na vlastních nohou, to stand on your own two feet.
This is the case you need for a surprising number of Czech place names, because they are plural: Karlovy Vary → v Karlových Varech, Pardubice → v Pardubicích, České Budějovice → v Českých Budějovicích, Mariánské Lázně → v Mariánských Lázních, Krkonoše → v Krkonoších, Tatry → v Tatrách, Vinohrady → na Vinohradech. The adjective has one ending for all genders here: -ých if hard, -ích if soft (v českých hospodách, v cizích zemích).
Time phrases use it too: o prázdninách (in the summer holidays), o Vánocích, o Velikonocích, o víkendech, po večerech (in the evenings). Vánoce and prázdniny have no singular, so in December and in July you need this case all the time.
Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A2
Bài tập thực hànhO prázdninách jezdíme na chatu k rybníku.
During the holidays we go to the cottage by the pond.
o prázdninách: the holiday phrase itself is a locative plural — chata culture included.
V českých hospodách se hraje karetní hra prší.
In Czech pubs people play the card game prší.
hospoda → v hospodách: hard feminine takes -ách.
Po večerech čteme dětem pohádky Boženy Němcové.
In the evenings we read Božena Němcová's fairy tales to the children.
po večerech: po + locative plural expresses repeated time.
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Áp dụng ngữ pháp này vào các bài tập khóa học A2