1. pád – podstatná jména

A1 — Pády

Nominative case of nouns: subject function, kdo?/co? questions, basic declension patterns

Can identify and use the nominative case for subjects and after 'to je' in basic sentences

Nominative case of nouns: subject function, kdo?/co? questions, basic declension patterns

Examples

Student čte knihu. — The student is reading a book.
To je nová restaurace. — This is a new restaurant.
Počítač a telefon jsou na stole. — The computer and phone are on the table.

CáchA1

1. pád – podstatná jména

Nominative case of nouns: subject function, kdo?/co? questions, basic declension patterns

Mục tiêu học tập

Can identify and use the nominative case for subjects and after 'to je' in basic sentences

Kỹ năng thi cử:ĐọcViết

Hãy xem các ví dụ sau. Bạn có nhận ra quy tắc ngữ pháp không?

Student čte knihu.

The student is reading a book.

To je nová restaurace.

This is a new restaurant.

Počítač a telefon jsou na stole.

The computer and phone are on the table.

Chú ý các phần được đánh dấu. Chúng có điểm gì chung?

První pád (nominativ) odpovídá na otázky kdo? (pro osoby) a co? (pro věci). Je to základní tvar slova, který najdete ve slovníku.

Rod	Vzor	Příklad 1. pádu	Otázka
M životný	pán, muž	student, muž	Kdo to je?
M neživotný	hrad, stroj	dům, počítač	Co to je?
Ženský	žena, růže	žena, ulice	Kdo/Co to je?
Střední	město, moře	město, náměstí	Co to je?

Použití: Nominativ se používá pro podmět věty: Student čte knihu. (Kdo čte? → Student.) Také po slovese být: To je dobrý učitel.

Vzory: Každý rod má několik vzorů (declension patterns), které určují, jak se slovo mění v dalších pádech. V 1. pádě je slovo v základním tvaru.

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Bài tập thực hành

Beginners use accusative or other case forms where nominative is needed, especially after 'to je'. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English nouns don't change form for cases, so the concept of a 'base form' for subjects is unfamiliar. Learners may not realize that Czech nouns change in other positions.

Các lỗi thường gặp

Used a non-nominative form where nominative is required (e.g., *Studenta čte instead of Student čte)

The subject of a sentence always takes nominative — the dictionary/base form of the noun

Used accusative or another case for the subject of the sentence

Ask kdo?/co? to identify the subject. The answer should be in nominative (base form).

Student čte knihu.

The student is reading a book.

Student is the subject (kdo čte?) → nominative. Knihu is accusative (what is being read).

To je nová restaurace.

This is a new restaurant.

After 'to je' (this is), use nominative. Restaurace is feminine, so nová has feminine ending.

Počítač a telefon jsou na stole.

The computer and phone are on the table.

Both subjects are in nominative (co je na stole?). Na stole uses locative (different case).

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