Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Би машинаар явна.
I will go by car.
Монголоор ярина уу?
Will you speak in Mongolian?
Гараар бичнэ.
Will write by hand.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
Instrumental case = by means of, via, in (language).
Vowel harmony: а/я → -аар, о → -оор, э/е → -ээр, ө/ү → -өөр.
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesWrong vowel harmony in instrumental (e.g., *машинээр instead of машинаар).
Confusing instrumental (means/language) with comitative (with/together).
Би машинаар явна.
I will go by car.
машин + аар = 'car-by'. Back vowel а → -аар.
Монголоор ярина уу?
Will you speak in Mongolian?
монгол + оор = 'Mongolian-in'. Back vowel о → -оор.
Гараар бичнэ.
Will write by hand.
гар + аар = 'hand-by'. Instrumental shows the tool used.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises