Which surnames decline: Ρ ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ but ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎ Π¨Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ (frozen), Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΆΠΈ, female -ΡΠΊ/-ΡΠΊ frozen
I can decline or freeze any surname by its type, origin and bearer's gender.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
ΠΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅.
We spoke with Darwin in spirit and with Pushkin to the letter.
ΠΡΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊ - ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°.
The prize went to Ivan Kovalchuk and Olga Kovalchuk - they are brother and sister.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°:
| Π’ΠΈΠΏ | ΠΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ | ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ |
|---|---|---|
| -ΠΎΠ²/-ΠΈΠ½ (ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅) | ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ. -ΡΠΌ | Ρ ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π§Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ |
| -ΠΎΠ²/-ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅) | ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ. -ΠΎΠΌ | Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π§Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ |
| -ΠΎ, -ΠΊΠΎ, -ΠΈΡ /-ΡΡ | Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ | ΠΎ Π¨Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, Ρ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ |
| ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΌΡΠΆ. | ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ | Ρ Π¨ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ° |
| ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΠΆΠ΅Π½. | Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ | Ρ ΠΠ½Π½Ρ Π¨ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ |
ΠΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊ - ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΡ; ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π° - ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊ.
Apply this grammar in C1 course exercises
Practice Exercises-ΡΠΌ/-ΠΎΠΌ mixed
Russian -ΠΎΠ²/-ΠΈΠ½ β -ΡΠΌ; foreign β -ΠΎΠΌ
-ΠΊΠΎ names declined
Russian norm freezes -ΠΊΠΎ: ΠΎ Π¨Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ
Female consonant surnames declined
Only male ones decline: Ρ Π¨ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ° vs Ρ ΠΠ½Π½Ρ Π¨ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ
ΠΡ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅.
We spoke with Darwin in spirit and with Pushkin to the letter.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (-ΠΎΠΌ) vs ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ (-ΡΠΌ).
ΠΡΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡΡΠΊ - ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°.
The prize went to Ivan Kovalchuk and Olga Kovalchuk - they are brother and sister.
Same surname: declined for him, frozen for her.
Practice in course
Apply this grammar in C1 course exercises