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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›Classifiers
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NounsA1

Classifiers

THE key Vietnamese grammar feature: cái, con, người, chiếc, cuốn, etc.

Learning Goal

Can use common Vietnamese classifiers (cái, con, người, cuốn) correctly with numbers and demonstratives

Exam Skills:ReadingWritingSpeaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Tôi có hai con chó và ba con mèo.

I have two dogs and three cats.

Cho tôi một ly cà phê sữa đá.

Give me an iced coffee with milk.

Cái áo này đẹp quá!

This shirt is so beautiful!

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Loại từ — Classifiers

Classifiers are THE most distinctively Vietnamese grammar feature. When counting or pointing at nouns, you MUST insert a classifier between the number/demonstrative and the noun.

ClassifierUsed forExample
cáiGeneral objects, thingsmột cái bàn (a table)
conAnimals, some objectshai con mèo (two cats)
ngườiPeopleba người bạn (three friends)
chiếcSingle items (vehicles, shoes)một chiếc xe (a car)
cuốn/quyểnBooks, notebooksnăm cuốn sách (five books)
câyLong thin things, treesmột cây bút (a pen)
tờFlat things (paper, bills)một tờ giấy (a sheet of paper)
ly/cốcCups/glasses (of liquid)một ly cà phê (a cup of coffee)
bứcPictures, paintings, wallsmột bức tranh (a painting)

Pattern: number + CLASSIFIER + noun. Một cái bàn = one [thing-classifier] table = a table.

With demonstratives: CLASSIFIER + noun + này/đó/kia. Con mèo này = this cat. Cái bàn đó = that table.

cái as default: When unsure, cái works for most inanimate objects. It's the safest choice!

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
Omitting classifiers entirely or using the wrong one. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English has NO classifiers (except 'a piece of', 'a glass of'), so learners omit them: *một bàn instead of một cái bàn. This is the biggest structural difference.

Common Error Patterns

Omitted the classifier between number and noun

Vietnamese REQUIRES a classifier between numbers/demonstratives and nouns. Not *hai mèo but hai CON mèo. Not *một bàn but một CÁI bàn.

Used the wrong classifier category

Common classifiers: cái (objects), con (animals), người (people), cuốn (books), cây (long thin things), ly (drinks). When unsure, use cái for objects.

Tôi có hai con chó và ba con mèo.

I have two dogs and three cats.

con = animal classifier. You MUST say hai CON chó, not *hai chó. Every counted animal needs con!

Cho tôi một ly cà phê sữa đá.

Give me an iced coffee with milk.

ly = glass/cup classifier. một ly cà phê = a glass of coffee. This is how you order drinks in Vietnam!

Cái áo này đẹp quá!

This shirt is so beautiful!

With demonstratives: classifier + noun + này/đó. Cái áo này = this shirt. The classifier cái comes BEFORE the noun, này comes AFTER.

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Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

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4. Food and drink

Frequently asked questions

When do you use Classifiers?
Classifiers are THE most distinctively Vietnamese grammar feature. When counting or pointing at nouns, you MUST insert a classifier between the number/demonstrative and the noun.
How do you form Classifiers?
Pattern: number + CLASSIFIER + noun. Một cái bàn = one [thing-classifier] table = a table. With demonstratives: CLASSIFIER + noun + này/đó/kia. Con mèo này = this cat. Cái bàn đó = that table. cái as default: When unsure, cái works for most inanimate objects. It's the safest choice!
What are common mistakes with Classifiers?
Omitting classifiers entirely or using the wrong one. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English has NO classifiers (except 'a piece of', 'a glass of'), so learners omit them: *một bàn instead of một cái bàn. This is the biggest structural difference.

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: Ordinal NumbersNext topic: Nouns and Plurals

Also in Nouns

  • Nouns and Plurals
  • Demonstratives
  • Possession with Của

Prerequisites

  • Numbers 0-100

Grammar A1·Grammar Reference