Nyelvtani utmutato

Portuguese alphabet, nasal vowels, ç, lh, nh, and pronunciation rules

Can recognize Portuguese special sounds (nasal vowels, ç, lh, nh) and distinguish rr from r

Personal pronouns: eu, tu/você, ele/ela, nós, vocês, eles/elas — tu vs você distinction

Can use personal pronouns correctly and choose between tu and você

The verb ser (to be) for permanent characteristics, identity, origin, time

Can conjugate ser in present tense and use it for identity, origin, profession, and time

The verb estar (to be) for temporary states, locations, moods, weather

Can conjugate estar in present tense and use it for location, temporary states, and weather

When to use ser vs estar — the key distinction in Portuguese

Can choose correctly between ser and estar based on context (permanent vs temporary)

Present tense conjugation of regular -ar verbs (falar, morar, trabalhar, estudar)

Can conjugate regular -ar verbs in present tense for all persons

Present tense of regular -er (comer, beber) and -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

Can conjugate regular -er and -ir verbs in present tense and distinguish the nós forms

The irregular verb ter (to have) and idiomatic expressions (ter fome, ter sede, ter anos)

Can conjugate ter and use it for possession, age, and physical/emotional states

The irregular verb ir (to go) and near future (ir + infinitive)

Can conjugate ir, form near future (ir + infinitive), and distinguish ir a/para

Common irregular verbs: fazer, poder, querer, saber, dizer, dar, ver, vir

Can conjugate the 8 most common irregular verbs in present tense

The verb gostar de (to like) — unique preposition requirement and usage patterns

Can express likes and dislikes using gostar de with correct contractions

Present continuous: estar + gerúndio (BP) vs estar a + infinitivo (EP)

Can form present continuous in both BP (gerúndio) and EP (a + infinitivo) styles

Definite articles (o/a/os/as), indefinite articles (um/uma/uns/umas), and contractions (do/da/no/na/ao/à)

Can use definite/indefinite articles correctly and form contractions with de, em, a, por

Masculine and feminine nouns — patterns and exceptions

Can determine noun gender using common patterns and recognize exceptions (-ma words, o dia)

Plural formation: regular (-s) and irregular (-ão→-ões, -l→-is, -m→-ns)

Can form plurals of regular and common irregular nouns (-ão, -l, -m patterns)

Adjective agreement (gender/number) and position (before/after noun)

Can use adjectives with correct gender/number agreement and understand position effects

Question words: quem, o que, onde, quando, como, por que/porque, quanto/a, qual

Can ask and answer basic questions using Portuguese question words

Possessive adjectives/pronouns: meu/minha, teu/tua, seu/sua, nosso/nossa, dele/dela

Can use possessives with correct agreement and disambiguate with dele/dela

Common prepositions (de, em, a, para, com, por) and their contractions

Can use common prepositions with correct contractions and choose between a/para, de/em

Negation with não, nunca, nada, ninguém — double negation is standard in Portuguese

Can negate sentences correctly and use double negation with nunca/nada/ninguém

Three-way demonstratives: este/esse/aquele (this near me / that near you / that far away)

Can use three-way demonstratives with correct gender/number agreement and contractions

Expressing 'there is/there are' with há (formal) and tem (BP informal), and time ago expressions

Can use há/tem for existence and time expressions, understanding register differences

Cardinal numbers 0-100 with gender agreement for 1 and 2

Can count 0-100, use gender-agreeing forms (um/uma, dois/duas), and distinguish cem/cento

Telling time, days of the week, months, and common time expressions

Can tell time, say days/months, and use common time expressions in Portuguese

Essential greetings, farewells, polite expressions, and common daily phrases

Can greet, say goodbye, thank, apologize, and navigate basic social interactions in Portuguese