Sentence StructureB1

Relativsätze (Dativ/Präpositional)

Relative clauses with dative and prepositional relative pronouns

Learning Goal

Can form relative clauses with dative and prepositions

Exam Skills:ReadingWriting

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Der Kollege, dem ich das Buch geliehen habe, ist nett.

The colleague I lent the book to is nice.

Die Stadt, in der ich aufgewachsen bin, ist klein.

The city I grew up in is small.

Die Freunde, mit denen ich reise, kommen aus Berlin.

The friends I travel with come from Berlin.

Das Restaurant, in dem wir gestern waren, war toll.

The restaurant we were at yesterday was great.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Building on nom./acc. relative clauses, we add dative and prepositional relative pronouns.

MaskulinFemininNeutrumPlural
Dativdemderdemdenen

Dative: when pronoun = indirect object or dative verb: Der Mann, dem ich geholfen habe.

Preposition + pronoun: Preposition comes before the pronoun: Die Stadt, in der ich wohne.

Special plural dative: denen (not den): Die Leute, denen ich es erzählt habe.

Relativsätze (Dativ/Präpositional): Relative clauses with dative and prepositional relative pronouns
  • Wrong plural dative:Die Kinder, den ich helfe → ✓ Die Kinder, denen ich helfe.
  • Preposition position:Die Stadt, die ich in wohne → ✓ Die Stadt, in der ich wohne.
  • Confusing der: Die Frau, der ich helfe — der is fem. dative, not masc. nom.

Common Error Patterns

Verb not in second position in main clause

Count positions: element 1 + VERB + rest. The verb is always second.

Wrong word order in subordinate clause

In subordinate clauses (weil, dass, wenn...) the verb goes to the END

Wrong connector or connector type used

Review: coordinating (und, aber, oder) vs subordinating (weil, dass, wenn) conjunctions

Der Kollege, dem ich das Buch geliehen habe, ist nett.

The colleague I lent the book to is nice.

Dem = dative. Kollege is masculine.

Die Stadt, in der ich aufgewachsen bin, ist klein.

The city I grew up in is small.

In + dative: Stadt is feminine → in der.

Die Freunde, mit denen ich reise, kommen aus Berlin.

The friends I travel with come from Berlin.

Mit + dative plural: denen.

Das Restaurant, in dem wir gestern waren, war toll.

The restaurant we were at yesterday was great.

In + dative: Restaurant is neuter → in dem.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises

B1 Course
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