अप्रत्यक्ष कथन

A2 — वाक्य रचना

उसने कहा कि — और हिंदी में काल नहीं बदलता

I can report what somebody said without changing their tense

उसने कहा कि — और हिंदी में काल नहीं बदलता

Examples

— He said he would come tomorrow.
— I think he's right.
— He asked where you live.

वाक्य रचनाA2

Непряма мова

उसने कहा कि — और हिंदी में काल नहीं बदलता

Мета навчання

I can report what somebody said without changing their tense

Навички для іспиту:बोलनालिखना

Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?

He said he would come tomorrow.

I think he's right.

He asked where you live.

Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?

कि, and nothing else changes

Hindi reports speech by putting कि between the two halves and leaving the quoted words as they were:

उसने कहा कि मैं आऊँगा। - He said he would come. (literally: he said that I will come)
उसने कहा कि वह बीमार है। - She said she was ill.
माँ ने पूछा कि तुम कहाँ हो। - Mother asked where you were.

There is no backshift. The tense of the original stays. And the pronoun often stays first-person too, which looks wrong to an English speaker and is entirely correct.

Questions

A reported question keeps its question word and takes no क्या: उसने पूछा कि तुम कब आओगे।

Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2

Вправи для практики

Backshifting the tense as English requires, and dropping ki.

Типові помилки

Shifting the tense back as English does

Hindi does not backshift, and neither does Russian. Keep the original tense.

Omitting ki in writing

ki may be dropped in speech but is normal in writing.

He said he would come tomorrow.

The future stays future, exactly as in Russian.

I think he's right.

ki joins without changing either half.

He asked where you live.

A reported question keeps its question word and takes no kya.

Практикувати в курсі

Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2

A2 Курс

← Назад до тем

Джерела

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920
Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006

कि, and nothing else changes

Hindi reports speech by putting कि between the two halves and leaving the quoted words as they were:

उसने कहा कि मैं आऊँगा। - He said he would come. (literally: he said that I will come)
उसने कहा कि वह बीमार है। - She said she was ill.
माँ ने पूछा कि तुम कहाँ हो। - Mother asked where you were.

There is no backshift. The tense of the original stays. And the pronoun often stays first-person too, which looks wrong to an English speaker and is entirely correct.

Questions

A reported question keeps its question word and takes no क्या: उसने पूछा कि तुम कब आओगे।