श्रीमान, महोदय, आदरणीय, श्रीमती — कब और किसे
I can open a formal letter or address an audience appropriately
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Sehr geehrter Herr,
Meine Damen und Herren, guten Tag.
Der Antragsteller bittet darum, dass...
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
| श्रीमान / श्री | Mr, before a name |
| श्रीमती | Mrs |
| सुश्री | Ms |
| महोदय / महोदया | Sir / Madam, in a letter |
| आदरणीय | respected, before a name in a letter |
| माननीय | honourable, for office-holders |
A speech opens with देवियो और सज्जनो - ladies and gentlemen - in the vocative plural, and often उपस्थित महानुभावों for the dignitaries present.
Formal writing sometimes avoids मैं entirely, using निवेदक or the passive: निवेदन किया जाता है. Referring to oneself in the third person is a register marker, not arrogance.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses C1 an
ÜbungsaufgabenUsing maananiya for someone who holds no office.
maananiya used for a private individual
It is reserved for office-holders.
mahoday used for a woman
mahodaya is the feminine form.
Sehr geehrter Herr,
The standard opening of a formal letter.
Meine Damen und Herren, guten Tag.
Vocative plural opening a speech.
Der Antragsteller bittet darum, dass...
Third-person self-reference as a register marker.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses C1 an