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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›B2
  4. ›Tense in reported speech
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Sentence structureB2

Tense in reported speech

Advanced reported speech: relative tense interpretation, reporting verbs, and shifting deixis (dnes→ten den)

Learning Goal

I can report speech with correct relative tense, shifted deixis and varied reporting verbs.

Exam Skills:CCE B2 · WritingCCE B2 · Speaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Ujistila nás, že rozpočet bude schválen do konce měsíce.

She assured us the budget would be approved by the end of the month.

Tvrdil, že tam ten den nebyl, ale svědci ho viděli.

He claimed he had not been there that day, but witnesses saw him.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

This is where English habits do the most damage. English shifts tenses back when it reports: "I'm tired" becomes "she said she was tired". Czech keeps the tense of the original words. The tense in the že-clause is read relative to the moment of speaking, not relative to now.

No backshift

OriginalCzech reportEnglish report
„Jsem unavená."Řekla, že je unavená.She said she was tired.
„Byla jsem v Brně."Řekla, že byla v Brně.She said she had been in Brno.
„Přijdu."Řekla, že přijde.She said she would come.

So Řekla, že byla unavená means she had been tired earlier, and Řekla, že by přišla means she would come under some condition. Neither is the English sentence you meant.

Shifting time and place words

Tenses stay, but "here" and "today" move if the report is made somewhere else or later:

OriginalReported later
dnesten den, toho dne (formal)
zítradruhý den, následující den
včeraden předtím, předchozí den
teďtehdy, v tu chvíli
tadytam

„Přijdu zítra." → Slíbil, že přijde druhý den. If you report it the same day, Říkal, že přijde zítra is still right.

Reporting verbs

Czech news writing avoids repeating řekl: uvedl, prohlásil, tvrdil, přiznal, dodal, upozornil, zdůraznil, ujistil, namítl. Ministryně ujistila, že rozpočet bude schválen do konce měsíce. Verbs of denial and doubt take že by, which keeps the speaker at a distance: Popřel, že by o tom věděl. Pochybuju, že by to stihli.

Questions and requests

  • Yes/no question: Zeptala se, jestli přijdu (formal zda).
  • Wh-question: Zeptal se, kde bydlím. Same word order as the direct question, no inversion to undo.
  • Request: Řekla mi, ať zavolám (colloquial) or abych zavolal (neutral).
  • Hearsay without a source: Prý bude stávkovat i metro.

Typical slips

  • Backshifting: Řekl, že *byl unavený (meaning "is") → že je unavený.
  • Conditional for "would": Slíbil, že by přišel is a promise with strings attached; the plain report is Slíbil, že přijde.
  • Unshifted deixis in a later report: Tvrdil, že tam *dnes nebyl → že tam ten den nebyl.

Apply this grammar in B2 course exercises

Practice Exercises
  • Deixis left unshifted: řekl, že přijde *zítra (if reported later) → druhý den
  • Monotonous říct — vary the reporting verbs

Common Error Patterns

dnes/zítra/tady kept in later reports

Shift: ten den, druhý den, tam

Ujistila nás, že rozpočet bude schválen do konce měsíce.

She assured us the budget would be approved by the end of the month.

ujistit + future relative to her words.

Tvrdil, že tam ten den nebyl, ale svědci ho viděli.

He claimed he had not been there that day, but witnesses saw him.

tvrdit + ten den: shifted deixis in a denial.

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Frequently asked questions

When do you use Tense in reported speech?
This is where English habits do the most damage. English shifts tenses back when it reports: "I'm tired" becomes "she said she was tired". Czech keeps the tense of the original words. The tense in the že -clause is read relative to the moment of speaking, not relative to now.
How do you form Tense in reported speech?
So Řekla, že byla unavená means she had been tired earlier, and Řekla, že by přišla means she would come under some condition. Neither is the English sentence you meant. Tenses stay, but "here" and "today" move if the report is made somewhere else or later: „Přijdu zítra." → Slíbil, že přijde druhý den. If you report it the same day, Říkal, že přijde zítra is still right. Czech news writing avoids repeating řekl : uvedl, prohlásil, tvrdil, přiznal, dodal, upozornil, zdůraznil, ujistil, namítl . Ministryně ujistila, že rozpočet bude schválen do konce měsíce. Verbs of denial and doubt take že by , which keeps the speaker at a distance: Popřel, že by o tom věděl. Pochybuju, že by to stihli.
What are common mistakes with Tense in reported speech?
Deixis left unshifted: řekl, že přijde *zítra (if reported later) → druhý den Monotonous říct — vary the reporting verbs

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: Topic and focus in the sentenceNext topic: Relative clauses with což and přičemž

Also in Sentence structure

  • Negation with ne-A1
  • Asking questionsA1
  • Basic word orderA1
  • ConjunctionsA1
  • Relative clauses with kterýA2
  • Clitics in second positionA2
  • Impersonal sentencesA2
  • Subordinating conjunctions: že, protože, když, aby, jestliA2
  • Clauses with aby: purpose and wishesB1
  • Clauses with kdybyB1
  • Reported speechB1
  • Linking words in textsB1
  • Clitic clusters
  • Topic and focus in the sentence
  • Relative clauses with což and přičemž
  • Punctuation in complex sentences
  • Emotive word order and particles
  • Nominal style and how to unpack itC1
  • Ellipsis and fragmented sentences in spoken CzechC1
  • Poetic and literary inversionC2

Grammar B2·Grammar Reference