Grammar Reference

The 24 letters of Modern Greek — names, uppercase and lowercase forms

Can recognize and write all 24 Greek letters

Greek pronunciation — vowels, consonants, and basic sound system

Can pronounce Greek words with correct vowel and consonant sounds

Special letter combinations that create new sounds

Can correctly read and pronounce Greek letter combinations

The accent mark (τόνος) and stress rules

Can identify and place the stress accent correctly

Three genders — masculine (ο), feminine (η), neuter (το)

Can identify noun gender by article and ending

Definite and indefinite articles decline for gender, number, and case

Can use definite and indefinite articles correctly

The nominative case for subjects

Can use nouns in the nominative case as sentence subjects

The accusative case for direct objects and prepositions

Can use nouns in the accusative case for direct objects

The genitive case for possession

Can express possession using the genitive

How to form plurals for masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns

Can form the plural of common nouns

Subject pronouns and when to use/omit them

Can use personal pronouns correctly and know when to omit them

My, your, his/her/its, our, your, their

Can express possession using possessive pronouns

This/that — αυτός/εκείνος (decline like adjectives)

Can use demonstratives to point out items

Question words for who, what, how much, where, when, how, why

Can ask basic questions using question words

Conjugation of eimai (to be)

Can use eimai

Conjugation of echo

Can express possession

Present tense Group A (-ω verbs: γράφω, διαβάζω, μένω)

Can conjugate Group A (-ω) verbs in present tense

Present tense Group B (-ώ/-άω verbs: μιλώ, αγαπώ)

Can conjugate Group B (-ώ/-άω) verbs in present tense

Negative present — δεν + verb

Can form negative sentences with δεν

Imperative — commands and requests (γράψε!, διάβασε!)

Can give simple commands and make requests

Simple past (αόριστος) — completed actions (έγραψα, διάβασα)

Can talk about completed past actions

Imperfect past — ongoing/habitual past actions (έγραφα, διάβαζα)

Can describe habitual or ongoing past actions

Future tense — θα + verb (θα γράψω, θα διαβάσω)

Can express future plans and intentions with θα

The verb αρέσω (to please/like) — works like Spanish gustar

Can express likes and dislikes using αρέσει/αρέσουν

Adjective agreement pattern -ος/-η/-ο (καλός/καλή/καλό)

Can use adjectives with correct gender agreement

Second adjective pattern -ύς/-ιά/-ύ (βαρύς/βαριά/βαρύ)

Can use the -ύς/-ιά/-ύ adjective pattern

Comparative — πιο + adjective or -τερος

Can compare things using πιο or -τερος

Superlative — ο πιο + adjective or -τατος

Can express superlatives using ο πιο or -τατος

Basic prepositions — σε, από, με, για, χωρίς

Can use basic prepositions correctly

σε + accusative for location and direction (στο σπίτι, στη δουλειά)

Can express location and direction using σε + accusative

από + accusative for origin and source (από την Ελλάδα)

Can express origin using από + accusative

Numbers 1-100, gender agreement for 1, 3, 4

Can use numbers 1-100 with correct gender agreement

Telling time — τι ώρα είναι;

Can tell and ask the time

Days of the week, months, seasons

Can name days, months, and seasons

Time adverbs — τώρα, σήμερα, αύριο, χθες, πάντα, συνήθως

Can use common time adverbs in sentences

Basic conjunctions — and, or, but

Can connect clauses with και, ή, αλλά

Reason clauses — γιατί (why/because), επειδή (because)

Can give reasons using γιατί and επειδή

When clauses — όταν + present or past

Can describe when something happens using όταν

If (conditional basics) — αν + present for real conditions

Can form basic if-then sentences

Question formation — intonation and question words

Can form yes/no and wh- questions

Negation — δεν (not), μη(ν) (don't), όχι (no)

Can form negative sentences

There is / there are — υπάρχει (sg.) / υπάρχουν (pl.)

Can use υπάρχει/υπάρχουν to describe what exists

Must/should — πρέπει να + subjunctive

Can express obligation with πρέπει να

Can/ability — μπορώ να + subjunctive

Can express ability and possibility with μπορώ να

Want to — θέλω να + subjunctive

Can express wants and desires with θέλω να