जी, भैया, दीदी, साहब — किसे कैसे बुलाएँ
I can address a stranger, a shopkeeper and an elder correctly
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
Excuse me (to a man).
No, thank you.
How are you, auntie?
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
जी attaches to a name or a title and marks respect: रोहन जी, डॉक्टर जी, माता जी. On its own it means 'yes' politely, and जी हाँ / जी नहीं are the polite yes and no.
| भैया | a man roughly your age or younger; a shopkeeper, a driver |
| दीदी | a woman slightly older |
| आंटी / अंकल | anyone of your parents' generation |
| बेटा | a much younger person, affectionately |
None of these implies you are related. Using a kinship word for a stranger is the normal, warm way to speak.
There is no everyday equivalent of calling someone by surname alone. And तू is not a friendly informal; use तुम with friends and आप with everyone else.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2
Вправи для практикиReaching for tu as the friendly form, or addressing a stranger with no term at all.
tu used as an ordinary informal you
tum is the friendly form; tu is intimate or rude.
Addressing a stranger with no term at all
Use bhaiya, didi, aunty or uncle; going without sounds abrupt.
Excuse me (to a man).
The normal way to get a shopkeeper's or driver's attention.
No, thank you.
ji makes the refusal polite.
How are you, auntie?
A kinship term for a stranger of the parents' generation.
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2