बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना

A2 — क्रिया

मुझे जाना चाहिए, मुझे जाना है, मुझे जाना पड़ा — तीन तरह की बाध्यता

I can tell apart advice, intention and unavoidable obligation

मुझे जाना चाहिए, मुझे जाना है, मुझे जाना पड़ा — तीन तरह की बाध्यता

Examples

— I had to leave early.
— You should rest.
— I had to take the medicine.

क्रियाA2

Повинність: चाहिए, है, पड़ना

मुझे जाना चाहिए, मुझे जाना है, मुझे जाना पड़ा — तीन तरह की बाध्यता

Мета навчання

I can tell apart advice, intention and unavoidable obligation

Навички для іспиту:बोलनालिखना

Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?

I had to leave early.

You should rest.

I had to take the medicine.

Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?

Three degrees

मुझे जाना चाहिए।	I should go.	advice
मुझे जाना है।	I have to go. / I'm going to.	plan or mild need
मुझे जाना पड़ा।	I had to go.	no choice about it

All three put the person in the को form and keep the infinitive with its -ना.

पड़ना is the strong one

पड़ना says the obligation came from outside and the speaker would rather it had not:

बारिश में जाना पड़ा। - I had to go out in the rain.
मुझे दो घंटे इंतज़ार करना पड़ा। - I had to wait two hours.

With a transitive verb the infinitive agrees with the object: मुझे दवा लेनी पड़ी।

Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2

Вправи для практики

Using chahiye for an obligation that was actually unavoidable, which understates it.

Типові помилки

chahiye used for an unavoidable obligation

If Russian would say prishlos, use parna.

Infinitive not agreeing with a feminine object

dava leni pari, not dava lena para.

I had to leave early.

parna: the obligation came from outside.

You should rest.

chahiye is advice, the weakest of the three.

I had to take the medicine.

leni, not lena: the infinitive agrees with dava, which is feminine.

Практикувати в курсі

Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2

A2 Курс

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Джерела

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920
Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006

Three degrees

मुझे जाना चाहिए।	I should go.	advice
मुझे जाना है।	I have to go. / I'm going to.	plan or mild need
मुझे जाना पड़ा।	I had to go.	no choice about it

All three put the person in the को form and keep the infinitive with its -ना.

पड़ना is the strong one

पड़ना says the obligation came from outside and the speaker would rather it had not:

बारिश में जाना पड़ा। - I had to go out in the rain.
मुझे दो घंटे इंतज़ार करना पड़ा। - I had to wait two hours.

With a transitive verb the infinitive agrees with the object: मुझे दवा लेनी पड़ी।