खुलना/खोलना, टूटना/तोड़ना — एक ही अर्थ की दो क्रियाएँ
I can choose between the verb that happens and the verb that is done
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
The glass broke.
I broke the glass.
The shop opens at nine.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
Hindi keeps separate verbs for a thing happening and a person making it happen:
| It happens | Someone does it |
|---|---|
| खुलना - to open | खोलना - to open (something) |
| टूटना - to break | तोड़ना - to break (something) |
| बनना - to be made | बनाना - to make |
| बिकना - to be sold | बेचना - to sell |
| जलना - to burn | जलाना - to burn (something) |
The intransitive member takes no ने: दरवाज़ा खुला. The transitive one does: मैंने दरवाज़ा खोला. Getting the verb wrong therefore breaks the whole sentence, not just one word.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2
Вправи для практикиUsing the transitive verb for something that happened by itself, which then wrongly demands ne.
Transitive verb used for a spontaneous event
If Russian would use -sya, take the intransitive member.
ne added to an intransitive verb
darvaza khula, never maine darvaza khula.
The glass broke.
Intransitive: no agent, so no ne.
I broke the glass.
Transitive: ne appears and the verb agrees with the object.
The shop opens at nine.
khulna, not kholna: nobody is named as opening it.
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу A2