पढ़ने वाला आदमी, मेज़ पर रखी किताब — बिना जो के
I can replace a jo clause with a participial phrase
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Wo ist der Zug nach Delhi?
Lesen Sie den Brief auf dem Tisch.
Menschen, die Hindi sprechen
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
वाला on an oblique infinitive: पढ़ने वाला आदमी - the man who reads. दिल्ली जाने वाली ट्रेन - the train that goes to Delhi.
A bare participle: मेज़ पर रखी किताब - the book placed on the table. सड़क पर खेलते बच्चे - children playing in the street.
The जो clause is neutral and always available. The participial version is tighter and preferred in writing, in headlines and in any phrase that has to fit into a larger sentence.
Unlike a जो clause, which usually opens the sentence, the participial phrase sits immediately in front of its noun and can grow long: कल शाम को दिल्ली से आने वाली ट्रेन.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an
ÜbungsaufgabenPlacing the participial phrase after the noun as a jo clause would go.
Participial phrase placed after its noun
It goes in front, however long it grows.
Direct infinitive before vala
parhne vala, never parhna vala.
Wo ist der Zug nach Delhi?
vala on an oblique infinitive, before the noun.
Lesen Sie den Brief auf dem Tisch.
A bare participle doing the work of a relative clause.
Menschen, die Hindi sprechen
The compressed form preferred in writing.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an