Grammar Reference

Letters ا ب ت ث ج ح خ — four positional forms

Can recognize and write the first 7 Arabic letters in all positional forms

Letters د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض — non-connecting and emphatic letters

Can recognize and write letters د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض including emphatics

Letters ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ي — completing the alphabet

Can recognize and write all 28 Arabic letters

Short vowels: fatḥa, ḍamma, kasra, sukūn, shadda, tanwīn

Can read Arabic with diacritical marks and understand tanwīn

ال (al-) and solar/lunar letter assimilation rules

Can use ال correctly with solar and lunar letters

أنا أنتَ أنتِ هو هي نحن أنتم هم + dual forms

Can use personal pronouns to introduce myself and talk about others

Suffixed possessive pronouns: ـي (my), ـكَ (your m), ـكِ (your f), ـهُ (his), ـها (her), ـنا (our), ـهم (their)

Object pronouns suffixed to verbs: رأيتُهُ (I saw him), أحبّها (he loves her), سألتُكَ (I asked you)

Subject + predicate without a verb (أنا طالب = I am a student)

Can form basic sentences describing people, places and things

تاء مربوطة (ة), gender patterns and exceptions

Can identify gender and apply agreement to adjectives

هذا/هذه (this m/f), ذلك/تلك (that m/f)

Can use demonstratives to point out and identify things

ما (what), من (who), أين (where), متى (when), كيف (how), هل (yes/no), كم (how many)

Can ask and understand basic questions about identity, location and time

Possessive construction linking two nouns

I can form possessive constructions using Idafa

Common Arabic prepositions and their usage

I can use common prepositions to describe location and direction

Negation with لا, ليس, and ما

I can negate sentences using لا, ليس, and ما

Adjective agreement in gender, number, and definiteness

I can use adjectives with correct agreement in gender and definiteness

Verbal sentence with VSO word order

I can form verbal sentences with correct VSO word order

Numbers 1–10 with gender polarity rule

I can count from 1 to 10 and apply the gender polarity rule

Present tense conjugation with prefix-suffix system

I can conjugate regular verbs in the present tense

Past tense conjugation with suffix system

I can conjugate regular verbs in the past tense

Sound masculine plural (-ون/-ين) and sound feminine plural (-ات)

I can form sound masculine and feminine plurals

Common broken plural patterns for everyday nouns

I can recognize and use common broken plural patterns

Past tense 'to be' (كان/كانت) and its sisters: subject stays nominative, predicate becomes accusative

Imperative (command) form derived from present tense: اُكتُب (write!), اِقرَأ (read!), اِذهَب (go!)

Future tense with سَـ (near future) or سوف (distant future) prefixed to present tense verbs

Introduction to verb forms (أوزان): Form I فَعَلَ (basic), Form II فَعَّلَ (intensify), Form III فاعَلَ (reciprocal)

إنّ (indeed/verily) and its sisters: subject becomes accusative, predicate stays nominative

Basic conditional with إذا + past tense: إذا درستَ نجحتَ (if you study, you succeed)

Comparative/superlative using the أفعل pattern: أكبر (bigger), أصغر (smaller), أحسن (better)

Essential time words: اليوم (today), غداً (tomorrow), أمس (yesterday), الآن (now), days of the week