The vectors beyond le, de and ja
I can hear what the less common vector verbs add
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
वह अचानक रो पड़ी।
She suddenly burst into tears.
मैंने टिकट पहले ही बुक कर रखा है।
I've already booked the ticket.
वह गुस्से में सब कह बैठा।
He blurted out everything in anger.
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
| उठना | a sudden burst | वह चिल्ला उठा। - He cried out. |
| बैठना | an unwise, regretted act | वह सब बता बैठा। - He went and told them everything. |
| पड़ना | abrupt, involuntary | वह रो पड़ी। - She burst into tears. |
| रखना | done in advance, kept ready | खाना बना रखा है। - The food is already made. |
कर बैठना says the act was rash and the speaker disapproves or regrets it. It is not neutral, and using it about your own deliberate action sounds like an apology.
बना रखना, लिख रखना, सोच रखना all mean the thing was done ahead of time and still stands. It answers 'have you already...?' neatly.
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesUsing baithna about a deliberate action, which implies regret.
baithna used about a deliberate act
kar baithna implies rashness and regret.
rakhna left out where the result still stands
bana rakha hai answers 'have you already?' precisely.
वह अचानक रो पड़ी।
She suddenly burst into tears.
parna for an abrupt involuntary act, like the prefix ras-.
मैंने टिकट पहले ही बुक कर रखा है।
I've already booked the ticket.
rakhna: done in advance and still standing.
वह गुस्से में सब कह बैठा।
He blurted out everything in anger.
baithna adds the speaker's disapproval.
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Practice in course
Apply this grammar in B1 course exercises
Yamuna Kachru's reference grammar; the descriptive account relied on for aspect, valency and clause structure.
Kamta Prasad Guru's grammar, the standard prescriptive reference for Hindi morphology and syntax.