What are common mistakes with बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना?

Using chahiye for an obligation that was actually unavoidable, which understates it. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: the three-way split maps onto sleduet / nado / prishlos and transfers cleanly; the error that remains is the infinitive agreeing with a feminine object, which Russian never does.

बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना | Hindi Grammar A2

बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना

A2 — क्रिया

मुझे जाना चाहिए, मुझे जाना है, मुझे जाना पड़ा — तीन तरह की बाध्यता

I can tell apart advice, intention and unavoidable obligation

मुझे जाना चाहिए, मुझे जाना है, मुझे जाना पड़ा — तीन तरह की बाध्यता

Examples

— I had to leave early.
— You should rest.
— I had to take the medicine.

क्रियाA2

Obligation: chahiye, hai and parna

Three degrees of obligation: should, have to, had no choice

Learning Goal

I can tell apart advice, intention and unavoidable obligation

Exam Skills:बोलनालिखना

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

I had to leave early.

You should rest.

I had to take the medicine.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Three degrees

मुझे जाना चाहिए।	I should go.	advice
मुझे जाना है।	I have to go. / I'm going to.	plan or mild need
मुझे जाना पड़ा।	I had to go.	no choice about it

All three put the person in the को form and keep the infinitive with its -ना.

पड़ना is the strong one

पड़ना says the obligation came from outside and the speaker would rather it had not:

बारिश में जाना पड़ा। - I had to go out in the rain.
मुझे दो घंटे इंतज़ार करना पड़ा। - I had to wait two hours.

With a transitive verb the infinitive agrees with the object: मुझे दवा लेनी पड़ी।

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

Practice Exercises

Using chahiye for an obligation that was actually unavoidable, which understates it.

Common Error Patterns

chahiye used for an unavoidable obligation

If Russian would say prishlos, use parna.

Infinitive not agreeing with a feminine object

dava leni pari, not dava lena para.

I had to leave early.

parna: the obligation came from outside.

You should rest.

chahiye is advice, the weakest of the three.

I had to take the medicine.

leni, not lena: the infinitive agrees with dava, which is feminine.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

A2 Course

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Frequently asked questions

When is बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना used?: All three put the person in the को form and keep the infinitive with its -ना.
How is बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना formed?: पड़ना says the obligation came from outside and the speaker would rather it had not: With a transitive verb the infinitive agrees with the object: मुझे दवा लेनी पड़ी।
What are common mistakes with बाध्यता: चाहिए, है, पड़ना?: Using chahiye for an obligation that was actually unavoidable, which understates it. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: the three-way split maps onto sleduet / nado / prishlos and transfers cleanly; the error that remains is the infinitive agreeing with a feminine object, which Russian never does.

Sources

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920
Kamta Prasad Guru's grammar, the standard prescriptive reference for Hindi verb and particle usage.
Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006
Yamuna Kachru's reference grammar; the descriptive account of modality, particles and reported speech used here.