होना के सभी रूप

A2 — क्रिया

होना — होना, हो जाना, होता है: अस्तित्व, बनना और नियम

I can tell apart being something, becoming something and something being generally so

Examples

— It gets cold here in December.
— It's got late now.
— He is an engineer now.

क्रियाA2

The Full Range of hona

hona for being, becoming and what regularly happens

Learning Goal

I can tell apart being something, becoming something and something being generally so

Exam Skills:बोलनालिखना

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

It gets cold here in December.

It's got late now.

He is an engineer now.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Three readings

है / था	is, was	वह डॉक्टर है।
होता है	generally is, tends to be	दिल्ली में गर्मी होती है।
हो जाना	becomes, turns into	वह डॉक्टर हो गया।

The middle one is the one learners miss. है states a fact about now; होता है states a general truth or a habit, and it is what you use for climate, customs and rules.

यहाँ बहुत भीड़ होती है। - It gets very crowded here. (generally)
यहाँ बहुत भीड़ है। - It's very crowded here. (right now)

हो जाना for a change of state

खाना ठंडा हो गया। - The food has gone cold.
देर हो गई। - It's got late.

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

Practice Exercises

Using hai for a general truth where hota hai is required.

Common Error Patterns

hai used for a general truth

If Russian would say byvaet, use hota hai.

hona used where ho jana is meant

A change of state takes ho jana: der ho gai.

It gets cold here in December.

hota hai for a regular truth; Russian byvaet matches it exactly.

It's got late now.

ho jana marks the change of state.

He is an engineer now.

Plain hai for a fact about the present.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

A2 Course

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Frequently asked questions

When is होना के सभी रूप used?: The middle one is the one learners miss. है states a fact about now; होता है states a general truth or a habit, and it is what you use for climate, customs and rules.
What are common mistakes with होना के सभी रूप?: Using hai for a general truth where hota hai is required. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: byvaet is an exact match and makes this easy, but learners trained on English textbooks often do not notice the distinction exists.

Sources

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920
Kamta Prasad Guru's grammar, the standard prescriptive reference for Hindi morphology and syntax.
Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006
Yamuna Kachru's reference grammar; the descriptive account relied on for aspect, valency and clause structure.

Three readings

है / था	is, was	वह डॉक्टर है।
होता है	generally is, tends to be	दिल्ली में गर्मी होती है।
हो जाना	becomes, turns into	वह डॉक्टर हो गया।

The middle one is the one learners miss. है states a fact about now; होता है states a general truth or a habit, and it is what you use for climate, customs and rules.

यहाँ बहुत भीड़ होती है। - It gets very crowded here. (generally)
यहाँ बहुत भीड़ है। - It's very crowded here. (right now)

हो जाना for a change of state

खाना ठंडा हो गया। - The food has gone cold.
देर हो गई। - It's got late.

Frequently asked questions

When is होना के सभी रूप used?

The middle one is the one learners miss. है states a fact about now; होता है states a general truth or a habit, and it is what you use for climate, customs and rules.

What are common mistakes with होना के सभी रूप?

Using hai for a general truth where hota hai is required. 🇷🇺 Russian speakers: byvaet is an exact match and makes this easy, but learners trained on English textbooks often do not notice the distinction exists.

Sources

हिन्दी व्याकरण — काशी नागरी प्रचारिणी सभा, 1920

Kamta Prasad Guru's grammar, the standard prescriptive reference for Hindi morphology and syntax.

Hindi (London Oriental and African Language Library 12) — John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006

Yamuna Kachru's reference grammar; the descriptive account relied on for aspect, valency and clause structure.