धारा, वाद, आवेदक, प्रतिवादी — अदालत और दफ़्तर की भाषा
I can follow a legal notice or an administrative order
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Diese Anordnung tritt sofort in Kraft.
Fall nach Paragraph 420 registriert.
Die vom Antragsteller vorgelegten Unterlagen wurden geprüft.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
| धारा | section (of an act) |
| अधिनियम | act, statute |
| वाद | suit, case |
| आवेदक | applicant |
| प्रतिवादी | respondent, defendant |
| तत्काल प्रभाव से | with immediate effect |
Sentences are long and single-clause, the passive is near-universal, and the agent is named only when the law requires it. Numbers and dates are spelled out alongside the digits.
Indian courts work substantially in English, and legal Hindi is in large part a calque of English legal drafting. Recognising the English structure behind a Hindi sentence often makes it readable at once.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses C1 an
ÜbungsaufgabenReading a calqued English structure as though it were native Hindi syntax.
English calque read as native syntax
Legal Hindi largely follows English drafting; use that to decode it.
dvara confused with se
dvara marks the agent of a passive in formal registers.
Diese Anordnung tritt sofort in Kraft.
Standard closing formula in both traditions.
Fall nach Paragraph 420 registriert.
dhara plus a number, exactly like the Russian statya.
Die vom Antragsteller vorgelegten Unterlagen wurden geprüft.
dvara marks the agent in the passive, like the Russian instrumental.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses C1 an