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CourseGrammarWords
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Dative plural

Dative plural endings -ům/-ám/-ím and the irregular lidem/dětem, for giving, helping and saying to groups

Learning Goal

I can address, give to and help groups of people using correct dative plural forms.

Exam Skills:CCE A2 · WritingCCE A2 · Speaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

O Vánocích dáváme dárky dětem i sousedům.

At Christmas we give presents to the children and the neighbours.

Průvodce vysvětluje turistům historii Karlova mostu.

The guide explains the history of Charles Bridge to the tourists.

Ke svátkům přejeme kolegyním všechno nejlepší.

On their namedays we wish our colleagues all the best.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

The dative answers komu? čemu? (to whom? to what?). English often marks it with "to" or just with word order: "We give the children presents." Czech marks it with the ending, and in the plural there are only a handful to learn.

The endings

TypeEndingExamples
All masculines, hard and soft-ůmsousedům, kamarádům, mužům, učitelům
Hard neuters-ůmměstům, oknům
Hard feminines (-a)-ámženám, babičkám, kamarádkám
Soft feminines and neuters (-e, -í)-ímrůžím, ulicím, kolegyním, mořím, nádražím
Neuters like kuře, zvíře (plural kuřata)-atůmkuřatům, zvířatům, štěňatům
Feminines like kost, věc, radost-emkostem, věcem, radostem

Two irregular forms you will use all the time: lidem (to people) and dětem (to children). Also přátelům and penězům. Adjectives add -ým or -ím: starým přátelům, cizím lidem; the pronoun is jim (to them).

When you need it

  • Giving, saying, showing to people: O Vánocích dáváme dárky dětem i sousedům. Průvodce ukazuje turistům Karlův most.
  • Verbs that take the dative, where English has a plain object: pomáhat (help), děkovat (thank), věřit (believe), rozumět (understand). Pomáháme sousedům, not *sousedy.
  • Four prepositions: k/ke (towards, to someone's place): Jedeme ke kamarádům na chatu; díky (thanks to): díky dobrovolníkům; kvůli (because of): kvůli turistům; proti (against): sprej proti komárům.

A Czech December in the dative

On the evening of 5 December, Mikuláš, an angel and a devil go from house to house k dětem, to the children, who recite a poem or sing a song for sweets. Three weeks later Ježíšek, not Santa, brings the presents. And at work the email goes out: Přejeme všem kolegyním a kolegům krásné Vánoce. That is two datives in one greeting, soft feminine -ím and masculine -ům.

Common slips

  • *lidům, *dětům → lidem, dětem.
  • Masculine -ům on a feminine: *ženům → ženám.
  • An accusative after a dative verb, because English "help" takes a direct object: *pomáhám rodiče → pomáhám rodičům.

Apply this grammar in A2 course exercises

Practice Exercises
  • *lidům → lidem, *dětům → dětem
  • Feminine -ům: *ženům → ženám
  • Accusative after dative verbs: *pomáhám sousedy → pomáhám sousedům

Common Error Patterns

Wrong dative plural ending

M/N -ům, hard F -ám, soft -ím

lidem/dětem regularized

These two are exceptions - memorize them

O Vánocích dáváme dárky dětem i sousedům.

At Christmas we give presents to the children and the neighbours.

dětem irregular, sousedům regular -ům.

Průvodce vysvětluje turistům historii Karlova mostu.

The guide explains the history of Charles Bridge to the tourists.

vysvětlovat komu: dative plural turistům.

Ke svátkům přejeme kolegyním všechno nejlepší.

On their namedays we wish our colleagues all the best.

přát komu: kolegyně → kolegyním (soft -ím).

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Frequently asked questions

When do you use Dative plural?
The dative answers komu? čemu? (to whom? to what?). English often marks it with "to" or just with word order: "We give the children presents." Czech marks it with the ending, and in the plural there are only a handful to learn.
How do you form Dative plural?
Two irregular forms you will use all the time: lidem (to people) and dětem (to children). Also přátelům and penězům . Adjectives add -ým or -ím : starým přátelům, cizím lidem ; the pronoun is jim (to them). On the evening of 5 December, Mikuláš, an angel and a devil go from house to house k dětem , to the children, who recite a poem or sing a song for sweets. Three weeks later Ježíšek, not Santa, brings the presents. And at work the email goes out: Přejeme všem kolegyním a kolegům krásné Vánoce. That is two datives in one greeting, soft feminine -ím and masculine -ům .
What are common mistakes with Dative plural?
*lidům → lidem , *dětům → dětem Feminine -ům: *ženům → ženám Accusative after dative verbs: *pomáhám sousedy → pomáhám sousedům

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: Locative pluralNext topic: Instrumental plural

Also in Cases

  • Nominative case: nounsA1
  • Accusative case: masculine nounsA1
  • Accusative case: feminine and neuter nounsA1
  • Locative of masculine and neuter nounsA1
  • Locative of feminine nounsA1
  • Dative case: nounsA1
  • Instrumental case: nounsA1
  • Genitive case: the basicsA1
  • Vocative case: the basicsA1
  • Genitive singular: the full system
  • Genitive plural
  • Accusative plural
  • Locative plural
  • Instrumental plural
  • Vocative case: the full systemB1
  • Nominative plural of masculine animate nounsB1
  • Genitive of negation and fixed phrasesB2
  • Genitive or accusative: competing casesC1

Prerequisites

  • Plural nouns in the nominative

Grammar A2·Grammar Reference