Grammar Reference

Dutch alphabet, vowel length, diphthongs, g/ch sounds

Can recognize and produce basic Dutch sounds

Subject pronouns with stressed/unstressed forms and formality

Can use Dutch subject pronouns correctly

Demonstratives: deze/die (de-words), dit/dat (het-words)

Can use deze/dit/die/dat correctly based on de/het and distance

Possessives: mijn, jouw/je, zijn/haar, ons/onze, jullie, hun

Can use possessive pronouns including ons/onze distinction

Conjugation of 'zijn' (to be)

Can conjugate 'zijn' for identity, profession, nationality

Conjugation of 'hebben' (to have)

Can conjugate 'hebben' for possession and feelings

Regular verb conjugation with 't kofschip spelling rule

Can conjugate regular verbs in present tense

Separable verbs: prefix goes to end in main clause (opstaan→ik sta op)

Can use separable verbs with correct prefix placement

Modal verbs: kunnen, willen, moeten, mogen, zullen + infinitive at end

Can use modal verbs with infinitive at end of clause

Imperative: stem form (Kom!, Ga zitten!), polite with u

Can form imperatives in informal and formal register

Definite articles de/het, indefinite een

Can use de/het/een correctly

SVO word order with V2 rule and inversion

Can construct main clauses with V2 word order

Negation rules for niet and geen

Can negate sentences correctly

Yes/no questions (verb-first) and W-questions (wie, wat, waar, wanneer, waarom, hoe)

Can ask yes/no and W-questions with correct word order

'Er' as existential (Er is/zijn...), locative, and prepositional pronoun

Can use 'er' in existential, locative, and prepositional constructions

Plural formation: -en, -s, -'s rules with spelling changes

Can form Dutch plurals with correct spelling

Prepositions of place: in, op, aan, bij, naast, voor, achter, tussen, onder, boven

Can describe locations using Dutch prepositions of place

Prepositions of time: om (clock), op (days), in (months/years/seasons), 's morgens/avonds

Can use time prepositions correctly

Adjective inflection: +e rule, exception for een+het-word

Can inflect adjectives correctly with -e/-∅

Numbers 0-1000, ordinals, clock time (half drie = 2:30!), dates

Can use numbers, tell time (including half-hour trap), and state dates