Grammar Reference

Norwegian alphabet (29 letters including Æ, Ø, Å), vowel length, key consonant combinations, and pitch accent

Can recognize and produce Norwegian sounds including Æ/Ø/Å, kj/sj consonant clusters, and understand vowel length

Norwegian pitch accent (tonelag 1 and 2), minimal pairs (bønder/bønner), sentence intonation patterns

Can recognise Norwegian pitch accent patterns and use correct rising/falling sentence intonation

Personal pronouns: jeg, du, han/hun/den/det, vi, dere, de — including gender distinctions and formal De

Can use all Norwegian personal pronouns correctly, including den/det for objects

Possessive pronouns in Norwegian agree with the noun they modify in gender and number. Possessives follow the noun with double determination.

I can use possessive pronouns with correct gender agreement and double determination.

Demonstrative pronouns 'denne/dette/disse' and 'den/det/de' in Norwegian.

I can use demonstratives to point to near and far objects.

Object forms of personal pronouns: jeg→meg, du→deg, han→ham, hun→henne, vi→oss, dere→dere, de→dem.

Use correct object pronouns after verbs and prepositions.

The verb 'to be' (å være): present tense 'er' is the same for all persons — no conjugation needed

Can use 'er' correctly with all pronouns to express nationality, profession, and state

The verb 'to have' (å ha): present tense 'har' is the same for all persons

Can use 'har' correctly with all pronouns to express possession

Regular verbs: add -r to infinitive stem, same form for all persons

Can conjugate regular verbs in present tense by adding -r

The modal verb 'kan' expresses ability and permission in Norwegian.

I can use 'kan' to express what I am able or allowed to do.

The modal verb 'må' expresses necessity and obligation in Norwegian.

I can use 'må' for obligation and know the difference between 'must not' and 'don't have to'.

The modals 'vil' and 'skal' express desire and planned intention in Norwegian.

I can use 'vil' for wishes and 'skal' for plans and intentions.

Common Norwegian phrasal verbs (verb + particle) for everyday actions.

I can use common Norwegian phrasal verbs in everyday sentences.

Forming the imperative in Norwegian by removing the final -e from the infinitive.

I can form and use imperatives in Norwegian for instructions and polite requests.

Norwegian reflexive verbs using reflexive pronouns meg, deg, seg, oss, dere, seg.

I can use reflexive verbs with the correct reflexive pronoun in Norwegian.

Expressing opinions and preferences: å like (to like), å synes (to think/find), å trives (to feel at home).

Express likes, dislikes, and personal opinions using å like, å synes, and å trives.

Past tense of regular verbs in groups 1 and 2: group 1 adds -et, group 2 adds -te.

I can form the past tense of common group 1 and 2 verbs.

Past tense of regular verbs in groups 3 and 4: group 3 adds -de, group 4 doubles consonant and adds -dde.

I can form the past tense of common group 3 and 4 verbs.

Past tense of common irregular verbs that must be memorised individually.

I can use the past tense of common irregular verbs like gikk, kom, så, gjorde.

Past tense of the two most essential verbs: å være → var, å ha → hadde.

I can use var and hadde correctly in simple past sentences.

Two ways to express future in Norwegian: 'skal' for plans/intentions and 'kommer til å' for predictions.

I can talk about future plans using 'skal' and make predictions using 'kommer til å'.

Present perfect: har + past participle, contrast with simple past

Can form and use present perfect with 'har + participle' and choose correctly between perfect and simple past

Regular perfect participles: group 1 (-et), group 2 (-t), group 3 (-dd/-d)

Can form regular perfect participles for verbs in groups 1, 2, and 3

Irregular perfect participles: gå→gått, komme→kommet, se→sett, drikke→drukket, skrive→skrevet

Can use common irregular perfect participles: gått, kommet, sett, drukket, gitt, tatt, vært

Numbers 0–10 in Norwegian Bokmål, including the dual forms en/ett

Can count from 0 to 10 in Norwegian and use en/ett correctly with nouns

Numbers 11–100 in Norwegian Bokmål: teens, tens, and compound numbers

Can count to 100 in Norwegian and form compound numbers correctly

Days of the week, months of the year, and telling the time in Norwegian. Key trap: 'halv fire' = 3:30, not 4:30!

I can name days of the week, months, and tell the time including half hours.

Numbers 100-1000 and expressing prices in Norwegian kroner.

I can use numbers 100-1000 and ask and state prices in Norwegian.

Months (januar–desember, lowercase), seasons with om/i prepositions, dates with ordinal numbers

Can name months and seasons, use correct prepositions, and state dates using ordinal numbers

Question words (hva, hvem, hvor, hvorfor, hvordan, når, hvilken/hvilket/hvilke) and V2 word order in questions

Can form simple questions using hva, hvem, hvor, hvordan, når and apply V2 word order

Norwegian negation uses 'ikke' placed immediately after the finite verb in main clauses. With modals: modal + ikke + infinitive. In subordinate clauses, 'ikke' precedes the verb.

I can use 'ikke' correctly to negate statements and with modal verbs.

In Norwegian main clauses, the finite verb always occupies the second position. Fronting any element triggers subject-verb inversion.

I can apply the V2 rule and form inverted sentences when adverbs or objects are fronted.

Expressing existence with 'det er' (specific) and 'det finnes' (general) in Norwegian.

I can use 'det er' and 'det finnes' to express existence.

Direct yes/no questions use verb-first order. Indirect questions with 'om' keep subject-verb order.

Form direct yes/no questions and indirect questions using 'om'.

Using 'at' (that) to connect a main clause to a subordinate clause. Often omitted in spoken Norwegian.

I can form sentences with 'at' clauses and understand when 'at' is omitted.

Using 'fordi' (because) to give reasons. 'ikke' comes BEFORE the verb in 'fordi' clauses.

I can give reasons using 'fordi' and correctly place 'ikke' before the verb in subordinate clauses.

Using 'når' (when) and 'hvis' (if). V2 inversion in the main clause when the subordinate clause leads.

I can use 'når' and 'hvis' clauses and apply V2 inversion when the subordinate clause comes first.

Subordinate clause word order: negation and adverbs move before the verb (BIFF rule)

Can correctly place 'ikke' and adverbs before the verb in subordinate clauses

Noun gender: common (en) and neuter (et), definite suffixes -en/-et

Can identify noun gender and use correct indefinite and definite forms

Learn the three Norwegian indefinite articles: en (masculine), ei (feminine), et (neuter). Bokmål allows a two-gender system where en covers both masculine and feminine.

I can use the correct indefinite article (en, ei, et) with Norwegian nouns.

Norwegian definite articles are suffixed to the noun. Masculine: -en, feminine: -a or -en, neuter: -et.

I can form the definite singular of Norwegian nouns with the correct suffix.

Norwegian plural: indefinite plural adds -er (most nouns) or -r (nouns ending in -e); et-nouns are unchanged. Definite plural: -ene (most), -a (et-nouns).

I can form indefinite and definite plurals of Norwegian nouns.

Adjectives in Norwegian agree with the noun in gender and number. Neuter nouns add -t, plurals add -e.

I can correctly inflect adjectives for gender and number in the indefinite form.

Colors and their adjective agreement with nouns in Norwegian.

I can name colors and make them agree with the nouns they describe.

Definite adjective form with double determination in Norwegian.

I can use definite adjective phrases with double determination.

Irregular adjectives with unpredictable forms: liten/lita/lite/små, annen/annet/andre, gammel/gammelt/gamle.

Use irregular adjectives liten, annen and gammel correctly across genders and numbers.

Prepositions of place in Norwegian: i (in), på (on/at), til (to), fra (from), hos (at someone's). Key distinction: 'i Norge' but 'på Island'.

I can use place prepositions i, på, til, fra, and hos in basic sentences.

Time prepositions i, på, and om for duration, days, and future time.

I can use i, på, and om to talk about time in Norwegian.

Coordinating conjunctions 'og', 'men', and 'eller' in Norwegian.

I can connect clauses with 'og', 'men', and 'eller'.

Common Norwegian adverbs of time and place for describing when and where things happen.

I can use common Norwegian adverbs of time and place in sentences.

Time expressions used with the past tense: i går, forrige uke, i fjor, for...siden.

I can use common past time expressions like i går, forrige uke, i fjor, and for...siden.