VerbsA1

Das Verb 'essen'

Irregular conjugation of essen (to eat)

Learning Goal

Can talk about eating using the irregular verb essen

Exam Skills:WritingSpeaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Was isst du gern?

What do you like to eat?

Er isst jeden Tag Brot zum Frühstück.

He eats bread for breakfast every day.

Wir essen um 12 Uhr Mittag.

We eat lunch at 12 o'clock.

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

Essen (to eat) ist ein unregelmäßiges Verb mit Stammvokalwechsel e → i in der du- und er-Form.

PersonFormPersonForm
ichessewiressen
duisstihresst
er/sie/esisstsie/Sieessen

Perfekt: Essen bildet das Perfekt mit haben: Ich habe Pizza gegessen. (Partizip II: ge-gess-en, unregelmäßig).

Verwendung: Was isst du gern? Wir essen um 12 Uhr Mittag. Verwandte Wörter: das Essen (the food/meal), das Frühstück (breakfast).

Learners say du esst instead of du isst, forgetting the stem change e → i. 🇬🇧 English speakers: English speakers may miss the stem change since English 'eat' doesn't change in present tense: 'du esst' instead of 'du isst'.

Common Error Patterns

Incorrect verb ending for the subject

Review verb conjugation tables and practice matching endings to pronouns

Forgot stem vowel change in irregular verbs

Practice stem-changing verbs (e→i, e→ie, a→ä) with flashcards

Verb placed in wrong position

Remember: V2 in main clauses, verb-final in subordinate clauses

Was isst du gern?

What do you like to eat?

essen: du isst — stem change e → i.

Er isst jeden Tag Brot zum Frühstück.

He eats bread for breakfast every day.

er isst — same form as du isst (both use i).

Wir essen um 12 Uhr Mittag.

We eat lunch at 12 o'clock.

Wir essen — no stem change in the wir-form.

Practice in course

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

A1 Course
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