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CourseGrammarWords
  1. Home
  2. ›Grammar
  3. ›A1
  4. ›The imperative: читай, читайте
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VerbsA1

The imperative: читай, читайте

Imperative mood: читай/читайте, говори/говорите

Learning Goal

Can give instructions and make polite requests with the ты and вы imperative (читай/читайте, скажите, пожалуйста) and say don't with не.

Exam Skills:Speaking

Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?

Чита́й кни́гу!

Read the book!

Говори́те ме́дленнее, пожа́луйста.

Speak more slowly, please.

Не забу́дьте паспо́рт!

Don't forget your passport!

Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?

The imperative is how you ask, tell and invite: "read!", "come in!", "don't worry!". English has one form for everyone. Russian has two: a ты form for one person you know well, and a вы form for several people or anyone you address politely. The вы form is just the ты form plus -те.

Infinitiveони́ formты formвы form
чита́тьчита́ютчита́йчита́йте
говори́тьговоря́тговори́говори́те
писа́тьпи́шутпиши́пиши́те
смотре́тьсмо́трятсмотри́смотри́те
гото́витьгото́вятгото́вьгото́вьте

How to build it

Start from the они́ form of the present (or perfective future) and remove the ending -ют/-ут/-ят/-ат. Then:

  • if the stem ends in a vowel, add -й: чита́-ют → чита́й;
  • if it ends in a consonant and the я form is stressed on the ending (говорю́, пишу́), add -и: говори́, пиши́;
  • if it ends in a single consonant and the stress stays on the stem, add -ь: гото́вь, встань.

A few to learn as they are: дава́ть → дава́й, быть → будь, есть → ешь, е́хать → поезжа́й.

Being polite

English softens commands with "could you". Russian does it with пожа́луйста and the вы form: Скажи́те, пожа́луйста, где метро́? is a perfectly polite way to stop a stranger in Moscow. Using the ты form with a stranger or a shop assistant sounds rude, so default to вы.

To say "don't", put не in front: Не говори́!, Не волну́йтесь! Negative requests normally use the imperfective verb: "Don't buy it" is Не покупа́й, not не купи́.

Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises

Practice Exercises
  • Using the ты form with strangers: say Скажи́те, пожа́луйста, not Скажи́, to a passer-by or a shop assistant.
  • Using a perfective in a plain "don't": *Не купи́ → Не покупа́й. Negative requests normally take the imperfective.
  • Forgetting -те for вы: чита́йте, говори́те.

Чита́й кни́гу!

Read the book!

Чита́й: the ты imperative, from the stem of чита́ют plus -й.

Говори́те ме́дленнее, пожа́луйста.

Speak more slowly, please.

Говори́те: the вы imperative adds -те; пожа́луйста makes it polite. ме́дленнее is a comparative.

Не забу́дьте паспо́рт!

Don't forget your passport!

Не забу́дьте: a perfective after не works as a warning, "make sure you don't forget".

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Frequently asked questions

When do you use The imperative: читай, читайте?
The imperative is how you ask, tell and invite: "read!", "come in!", "don't worry!". English has one form for everyone. Russian has two: a ты form for one person you know well, and a вы form for several people or anyone you address politely. The вы form is just the ты form plus -те .
How do you form The imperative: читай, читайте?
Start from the они́ form of the present (or perfective future) and remove the ending -ют/-ут/-ят/-ат . Then: A few to learn as they are: дава́ть → дава́й , быть → будь , есть → ешь , е́хать → поезжа́й . English softens commands with "could you". Russian does it with пожа́луйста and the вы form: Скажи́те, пожа́луйста, где метро́? is a perfectly polite way to stop a stranger in Moscow. Using the ты form with a stranger or a shop assistant sounds rude, so default to вы . To say "don't", put не in front: Не говори́! , Не волну́йтесь! Negative requests normally use the imperfective verb: "Don't buy it" is Не покупа́й , not не купи́ .
What are common mistakes with The imperative: читай, читайте?
Using the ты form with strangers: say Скажи́те, пожа́луйста , not Скажи́, to a passer-by or a shop assistant. Using a perfective in a plain "don't": *Не купи́ → Не покупа́й . Negative requests normally take the imperfective. Forgetting -те for вы: чита́йте , говори́те .

Related grammar topics

Previous topic: Verbal aspect: an introductionNext topic: Negation with не

Also in Verbs

  • The verb быть ('to be') in the present tense
  • First-conjugation verbs
  • Second-conjugation verbs
  • Irregular verbs: хотеть, есть, пить
  • The verb жить (to live)
  • Verbs of motion: идти and ходить
  • Reflexive verbs ending in -ся
  • Can and want: мочь and хотеть
  • The past tense: endings by gender, not person
  • The imperfective future: буду + infinitive
  • The perfective future
  • Verbal aspect: an introduction
  • Aspect pairs: imperfective and perfectiveA2
  • Motion verbs with prefixesA2
  • Motion verbs: ехать/ездить, везти/возить and other pairsA2
  • The conditional with быA2
  • Aspect in the imperativeA2
  • Must, need, may: должен, надо, можно, нельзяA2
  • Verb government: which case a verb takesA2
  • Active participles: an introductionB1
  • Verbal adverbs (gerunds)B1
  • The passive: -ся verbs and short participlesB1
  • Verbs of motion in figurative meaningsB1
  • Aspect in negative sentencesB1
  • The full participle system: four participles and how to pick oneB2
  • Verbal adverbs at B2: aspect, set phrases and gerunds turned adverbsB2
  • Putting things somewhere: ставить, класть, вешатьB2
  • The imperfective for plain facts: Ты читал «Анну Каренину»?B2
  • Tricky case government: согласно, благодаря, скучать поB2
  • The five jobs of -ся verbsB2

Grammar A1·Grammar Reference