Imperative mood: читай/читайте, говори/говорите
Can give instructions and make polite requests with the ты and вы imperative (читай/читайте, скажите, пожалуйста) and say don't with не.
Look at these examples. Can you spot the grammar pattern?
Чита́й кни́гу!
Read the book!
Говори́те ме́дленнее, пожа́луйста.
Speak more slowly, please.
Не забу́дьте паспо́рт!
Don't forget your passport!
Pay attention to the highlighted parts. What do they have in common?
The imperative is how you ask, tell and invite: "read!", "come in!", "don't worry!". English has one form for everyone. Russian has two: a ты form for one person you know well, and a вы form for several people or anyone you address politely. The вы form is just the ты form plus -те.
| Infinitive | они́ form | ты form | вы form |
|---|---|---|---|
| чита́ть | чита́ют | чита́й | чита́йте |
| говори́ть | говоря́т | говори́ | говори́те |
| писа́ть | пи́шут | пиши́ | пиши́те |
| смотре́ть | смо́трят | смотри́ | смотри́те |
| гото́вить | гото́вят | гото́вь | гото́вьте |
Start from the они́ form of the present (or perfective future) and remove the ending -ют/-ут/-ят/-ат. Then:
A few to learn as they are: дава́ть → дава́й, быть → будь, есть → ешь, е́хать → поезжа́й.
English softens commands with "could you". Russian does it with пожа́луйста and the вы form: Скажи́те, пожа́луйста, где метро́? is a perfectly polite way to stop a stranger in Moscow. Using the ты form with a stranger or a shop assistant sounds rude, so default to вы.
To say "don't", put не in front: Не говори́!, Не волну́йтесь! Negative requests normally use the imperfective verb: "Don't buy it" is Не покупа́й, not не купи́.
Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises
Practice ExercisesЧита́й кни́гу!
Read the book!
Чита́й: the ты imperative, from the stem of чита́ют plus -й.
Говори́те ме́дленнее, пожа́луйста.
Speak more slowly, please.
Говори́те: the вы imperative adds -те; пожа́луйста makes it polite. ме́дленнее is a comparative.
Не забу́дьте паспо́рт!
Don't forget your passport!
Не забу́дьте: a perfective after не works as a warning, "make sure you don't forget".
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Apply this grammar in A1 course exercises