Граматичний довідник

The Polish alphabet and special characters

Can identify all 32 Polish letters and 7 digraphs

Polish pronunciation rules and stress patterns

Can apply penultimate stress and pronounce nasal vowels correctly

Polish personal pronouns

Can use all personal pronouns and formal Pan/Pani address

Possessive pronouns with gender agreement

Can use possessive pronouns with correct gender agreement

Conjugation of the verb 'to be' (być) in present tense

Can conjugate być in present tense and use it with nouns and adjectives

Conjugation of the verb 'to have' (mieć) in present tense

Can conjugate mieć and use it with accusative (positive) and genitive (negative)

Present tense conjugation patterns in Polish

Can conjugate common verbs in present tense across all four patterns

Past tense with gender-marked endings in Polish

Can form past tense with correct gender and person endings

Imperative mood for commands and polite requests

Can form commands and polite requests in Polish

Reflexive verbs with the particle się

Can use common reflexive verbs with się correctly

Introduction to imperfective and perfective verb aspect

Can distinguish imperfective and perfective verb forms in basic contexts

Verbs of motion: directional vs non-directional pairs

Can use basic verbs of motion distinguishing directional and habitual movement

Future tense: imperfective compound and perfective simple

Can form future tense using both imperfective and perfective verbs

Grammatical gender of Polish nouns

Can identify noun gender by endings and apply adjective agreement

The nominative case — subjects and dictionary forms

Can form nominative singular and plural for all three genders

The accusative case — direct objects

Can form accusative case for direct objects with all genders

Dative case for indirect objects in Polish

Can use dative case for indirect objects and with key verbs

Instrumental case in Polish

Can use instrumental case with z, być, and means of transport

Locative case for location and topic in Polish

Can use locative case with w, na, o for location and topic

Genitive case for possession and negation in Polish

Can use genitive case for possession, negation, and numbers 5+

The vocative case for direct address

Can use the vocative case for direct address in Polish

Cardinal numbers from 0 to 100

Can count from 0 to 100 and apply gender agreement with jeden and dwa

Ordinal numbers with gender agreement and dates

Can use ordinal numbers with gender agreement and say dates

Negation with nie, double negation, and nie ma

Can negate sentences with nie, use double negation, and express non-existence with nie ma

Forming questions in Polish

Can form yes/no and wh-questions with correct question words

Complex sentences with subordinating conjunctions

Can form complex sentences with subordinating conjunctions

Adjective gender agreement in Polish

Can use adjectives with correct gender agreement in nominative case

Prepositions of place and their case requirements in Polish

Can use basic prepositions of place with correct cases

Prepositions of time in Polish

Can use prepositions of time to express when events happen

Common conjunctions for connecting clauses

Can connect clauses using common Polish conjunctions