तीन पक्ष × तीन काल — पूरी व्यवस्था एक जगह
I can place any Hindi verb form in the tense and aspect grid
Schau dir diese Beispiele an. Kannst du das grammatische Muster erkennen?
Er schläft wohl gerade.
Er kam jeden Tag hierher.
Er wird gegessen haben.
Achte auf die hervorgehobenen Teile. Was haben sie gemeinsam?
Hindi separates aspect from tense cleanly. Three aspects - habitual, progressive, perfective - each combine with three tenses through the auxiliary.
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Habitual | करता है | करता था | करता होगा |
| Progressive | कर रहा है | कर रहा था | कर रहा होगा |
| Perfective | किया है | किया था | किया होगा |
The first element gives the aspect and agrees with the subject in gender and number; the auxiliary gives the tense and agrees in person. Change only the auxiliary and you move along a row.
The future auxiliary often means 'must be' rather than 'will be': वह घर पर होगा - he must be at home. करता होगा is 'he probably does', not 'he will do'.
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an
ÜbungsaufgabenReading hoga as a plain future when it marks presumption.
hoga read as a plain future
With an aspect form it usually marks presumption.
Russian aspect pairs mapped onto the grid
Hindi aspect is built outside the verb, not chosen with it.
Er schläft wohl gerade.
Progressive plus the presumptive auxiliary.
Er kam jeden Tag hierher.
Habitual plus past auxiliary.
Er wird gegessen haben.
Perfective plus presumptive: an inference about the past.
Im Kurs üben
Wende diese Grammatik in den Übungen des Kurses B2 an