कर पाना — कर सकना: 'मैं कर सकता हूँ' और 'मैं कर पाया'
I can distinguish being able to do something from managing to do it
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
माफ़ कीजिए, मैं नहीं आ पाऊँगा।
Sorry, I won't be able to make it.
क्या मैं अंदर आ सकता हूँ?
May I come in?
मैं समय पर नहीं पहुँच पाया।
I didn't manage to arrive on time.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
| सकना | ability or permission | मैं आ सकता हूँ। - I can come. |
| पाना | managing it in the event | मैं आ नहीं पाया। - I didn't manage to come. |
Both take a bare stem. पाना is overwhelmingly used in the negative, and it excuses rather than refuses: नहीं आ सका says you were unable; नहीं आ पाया says it did not work out.
मैं नहीं आ पाऊँगा is the polite way to decline an invitation. मैं नहीं आ सकता is blunter and sounds like a refusal of permission or a statement about capability.
As a full verb पाना means to get or to find: मुझे नौकरी मिली is 'I got a job' with मिलना, but पत्र पाना is to receive a letter.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B1
Вправи для практикиUsing sakna to decline an invitation, which sounds blunt.
माफ़ कीजिए, मैं नहीं आ पाऊँगा।
Sorry, I won't be able to make it.
The polite decline; sakna here would sound blunt.
क्या मैं अंदर आ सकता हूँ?
May I come in?
sakna for permission.
मैं समय पर नहीं पहुँच पाया।
I didn't manage to arrive on time.
pana reports how it turned out, not what you were capable of.
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Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B1