होगा, शायद, ज़रूर, लगता है — कितना यक़ीन
I can grade how certain I am about something
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
He must be at the office now.
It might rain.
He must certainly have heard.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
| ज़रूर होगा | it must certainly be | very sure |
| होगा | it must be, probably is | sure |
| लगता है | it seems | an impression |
| शायद | perhaps | open |
| हो सकता है | it could be | a possibility |
वह घर पर होगा normally means 'he must be at home', not 'he will be at home'. Context and the presence of a time word decide, and without one the inference reading is the default.
शायद वह आया होगा - perhaps he has come. The adverb and the presumptive auxiliary combine freely, and stacking them softens rather than contradicts.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2
Вправи для практикиReading hoga as a future and losing the inference.
hoga read as a plain future
Without a time word, the inference reading is the default.
Certainty marked only with an adverb
Hindi can put it in the auxiliary as well.
He must be at the office now.
hoga as inference, not future.
It might rain.
shayad with the subjunctive, the open end of the scale.
He must certainly have heard.
zarur plus the presumptive: the sure end.
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2