कब सादा भूत, कब पूर्ण, कब संयुक्त क्रिया
I can choose the aspect that carries the nuance I mean
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
उसने सारा खाना खा डाला।
He polished off all the food.
मैं खा चुका हूँ, धन्यवाद।
I've already eaten, thank you.
वह आया, बैठा और चला गया।
He came, sat down and left.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
| उसने खाया। | plain statement of fact |
| उसने खा लिया। | finished, done with, for himself |
| उसने खाया है। | and the result still holds |
| वह खा चुका है। | already, and so no more is needed |
All four are correct. The choice is not grammatical but rhetorical.
खा लिया says the eating was completed to the eater's benefit; खा डाला says it was polished off wholesale. The vector is where a Hindi speaker puts the attitude that a Russian would put in a prefix or an adverb.
Story-telling runs on the simple perfective, with compound verbs at the moments that matter. Using compounds throughout flattens the narrative rather than enriching it.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу C1
Вправи для практикиUsing compound verbs in every sentence, which flattens the narrative.
उसने सारा खाना खा डाला।
He polished off all the food.
dalna adds wholesale completion, like the prefix u- in umyal.
मैं खा चुका हूँ, धन्यवाद।
I've already eaten, thank you.
chukna where Russian would say uzhe.
वह आया, बैठा और चला गया।
He came, sat down and left.
Plain perfectives carrying a narrative; the vector appears only at the end.
Перевірка для цієї теми готується
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу C1