तीन पक्ष × तीन काल — पूरी व्यवस्था एक जगह
I can place any Hindi verb form in the tense and aspect grid
Подивіться на ці приклади. Чи можете ви помітити граматичну закономірність?
वह अभी सो रहा होगा।
He must be sleeping right now.
वह रोज़ यहाँ आता था।
He used to come here every day.
उसने खाना खाया होगा।
He must have eaten.
Зверніть увагу на виділені частини. Що у них спільного?
Hindi separates aspect from tense cleanly. Three aspects - habitual, progressive, perfective - each combine with three tenses through the auxiliary.
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Habitual | करता है | करता था | करता होगा |
| Progressive | कर रहा है | कर रहा था | कर रहा होगा |
| Perfective | किया है | किया था | किया होगा |
The first element gives the aspect and agrees with the subject in gender and number; the auxiliary gives the tense and agrees in person. Change only the auxiliary and you move along a row.
The future auxiliary often means 'must be' rather than 'will be': वह घर पर होगा - he must be at home. करता होगा is 'he probably does', not 'he will do'.
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2
Вправи для практикиReading hoga as a plain future when it marks presumption.
वह अभी सो रहा होगा।
He must be sleeping right now.
Progressive plus the presumptive auxiliary.
वह रोज़ यहाँ आता था।
He used to come here every day.
Habitual plus past auxiliary.
उसने खाना खाया होगा।
He must have eaten.
Perfective plus presumptive: an inference about the past.
Перевірка для цієї теми готується
Практикувати в курсі
Застосуйте цю граматику у вправах курсу B2