Grammar Reference

How many letters the Hungarian alphabet has: 40 in the official alphabet, 44 once q, w, x and y are counted in. Full letter table with pronunciation, the eight digraphs and the trigraph dzs, the seven long vowel pairs and first-syllable stress.

Can say how many letters the Hungarian alphabet has and why, name every letter, and read Hungarian words aloud with the right digraph sounds, vowel length and first-syllable stress.

Vowel harmony: back vowels take back suffixes (-ban/-ból/-nak), front vowels take front suffixes (-ben/-ből/-nek)

Can select the correct suffix variant (back/front) for common Hungarian words

Personal pronouns: én, te, ő (gender-neutral), mi, ti, ők; formal Ön with 3rd person verb

Can use Hungarian personal pronouns correctly, including gender-neutral ő and formal Ön

Possessive suffixes on nouns; vowel harmony in possessives

Can express possession using suffix on noun with correct vowel harmony

Using ez (this) and az (that) as pronouns and demonstrative determiners.

Point to and identify objects using ez (this) and az (that). Use demonstratives in different cases (accusative, plural).

The verb 'to be': vagyok/vagy/(van dropped!)/vagyunk/vagytok/(vannak dropped) in predicate sentences

Can conjugate 'lenni' and correctly omit van/vannak in noun/adjective predicates

Hungarian indefinite present tense conjugation with vowel harmony

I can conjugate regular Hungarian verbs in the present tense for all persons.

Two verb conjugations: definite (specific object) vs indefinite

Can choose definite or indefinite conjugation based on object definiteness

Common verbal prefixes and their separation in negation

Can use verbal prefixes and separate them in negation

Expressing ability and desire using tud and akar with infinitive.

Say what you can and cannot do. Express wants and desires with akar.

Expressing necessity and permission with kell and szabad.

Express obligation using kell with personal infinitive suffixes. Distinguish between nem kell and nem szabad.

Giving commands and instructions in informal and formal registers.

Give simple commands in informal and formal registers. Apply consonant assimilation rules for -s/-sz/-z stems.

Reflexive pronouns and verbs that express actions done to oneself.

Use built-in reflexive verbs for daily routines. Use the maga- pronoun series for emphasis.

Regular past tense with -t/-tt suffix and personal endings

Can narrate past events using regular verbs with correct personal endings

Irregular past tense forms of common verbs

Can use common irregular past tense verbs in sentences

Future tense with fog + infinitive, and present tense + time word

Can express future plans using fog + infinitive or present tense with time words

Numbers 0–10: nulla, egy, kettő/két, három, négy, öt, hat, hét, nyolc, kilenc, tíz

Can use numbers 0–10 and knows to use két before nouns and keep nouns singular after numbers

Hungarian numbers 11–100 with compound formation rules

I can use numbers 11–100 for age, prices and quantities.

Days of the week, months, and telling time.

Name all days of the week and months. Ask and tell the time using fél (half past).

Numbers 100-1000 and using them in prices and quantities

Can understand and use numbers 100-1000 in prices and everyday quantities

Hungarian question words and yes/no question intonation

I can ask basic questions about people, places and things.

Negation with nem; nincs/nincsenek for there is not

Can negate sentences and use nincs/nincsenek correctly

Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions for connecting clauses.

Connect sentences with coordinating conjunctions (és, de, vagy). Form complex sentences with mert and hogy.

Expressing possession with dative + van/nincs + possessive suffix

Can express what someone has or doesn't have using dative + van/nincs structure

Basic Hungarian word order: topic-focus-verb and emphasis through position

Can understand how word order changes emphasis and use basic focus structure in simple sentences

The Hungarian definite article a/az — no grammatical gender

I can correctly use a and az before Hungarian nouns.

Accusative -t marker; linking vowels by vowel harmony

Can mark direct objects with -t using correct linking vowel

-ban/-ben for static location; -ba/-be for direction into

Can express static location with -ban/-ben and direction with -ba/-be

Surface location -on/-en/-ön; off surface -ról/-ről; from inside -ból/-ből

Can use -on/-en/-ön, -ból/-ből, -ról/-ről correctly

Dative -nak/-nek for indirect objects and X has Y construction

Can use -nak/-nek for indirect objects and possession

Instrumental case -val/-vel (with, by means of) and consonant assimilation

Can use -val/-vel for transport and accompaniment, applying consonant assimilation correctly

Purpose suffixes: -ért (for) and -hoz/-hez/-höz (to a person/place)

Can express purpose with -ért and direction towards people/objects with -hoz/-hez/-höz

No adjective agreement; comparative -bb; superlative leg-

Can use adjectives without agreement and form comparatives and superlatives

Common adverbs and expressions for talking about time.

Use common time adverbs in sentences. Form negative sentences with soha nem.

Location adverbs: static (here/there), directional (to here/there), and source (from here/there)

Can use correct location adverbs for static position, direction, and origin

Forming plurals with -k suffix and using them correctly with adjectives and numbers.

Form plurals of common nouns using -k with correct linking vowels. Use adjectives correctly with plural nouns (no plural on adjective).