खुलना/खोलना, टूटना/तोड़ना — एक ही अर्थ की दो क्रियाएँ
I can choose between the verb that happens and the verb that is done
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Sklenice se rozbila.
Rozbil jsem sklenici.
Obchod otevírá v devět.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
Hindi keeps separate verbs for a thing happening and a person making it happen:
| It happens | Someone does it |
|---|---|
| खुलना - to open | खोलना - to open (something) |
| टूटना - to break | तोड़ना - to break (something) |
| बनना - to be made | बनाना - to make |
| बिकना - to be sold | बेचना - to sell |
| जलना - to burn | जलाना - to burn (something) |
The intransitive member takes no ने: दरवाज़ा खुला. The transitive one does: मैंने दरवाज़ा खोला. Getting the verb wrong therefore breaks the whole sentence, not just one word.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A2
Procvičovací cvičeníUsing the transitive verb for something that happened by itself, which then wrongly demands ne.
Transitive verb used for a spontaneous event
If Russian would use -sya, take the intransitive member.
ne added to an intransitive verb
darvaza khula, never maine darvaza khula.
Sklenice se rozbila.
Intransitive: no agent, so no ne.
Rozbil jsem sklenici.
Transitive: ne appears and the verb agrees with the object.
Obchod otevírá v devět.
khulna, not kholna: nobody is named as opening it.
Procvičit v kurzu
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu A2