तीन पक्ष × तीन काल — पूरी व्यवस्था एक जगह
I can place any Hindi verb form in the tense and aspect grid
Podívejte se na tyto příklady. Dokážete rozpoznat gramatický vzorec?
Nejspíš teď spí.
Chodil sem každý den.
Nejspíš už jedl.
Zaměřte se na zvýrazněné části. Co mají společného?
Hindi separates aspect from tense cleanly. Three aspects - habitual, progressive, perfective - each combine with three tenses through the auxiliary.
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Habitual | करता है | करता था | करता होगा |
| Progressive | कर रहा है | कर रहा था | कर रहा होगा |
| Perfective | किया है | किया था | किया होगा |
The first element gives the aspect and agrees with the subject in gender and number; the auxiliary gives the tense and agrees in person. Change only the auxiliary and you move along a row.
The future auxiliary often means 'must be' rather than 'will be': वह घर पर होगा - he must be at home. करता होगा is 'he probably does', not 'he will do'.
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B2
Procvičovací cvičeníReading hoga as a plain future when it marks presumption.
hoga read as a plain future
With an aspect form it usually marks presumption.
Russian aspect pairs mapped onto the grid
Hindi aspect is built outside the verb, not chosen with it.
Nejspíš teď spí.
Progressive plus the presumptive auxiliary.
Chodil sem každý den.
Habitual plus past auxiliary.
Nejspíš už jedl.
Perfective plus presumptive: an inference about the past.
Procvičit v kurzu
Použijte tuto gramatiku ve cvičeních kurzu B2