Grammar Reference

22 consonant letters, 5 final forms (sofit), RTL writing direction, similar-looking letters

Can recognize all 22 Hebrew letters in print, identify the 5 final forms, and read simple words from right to left

5 Hebrew vowel sounds, niqqud diacritical marks, and reading modern Hebrew without written vowels

Can read simple Hebrew words with niqqud and understand that modern Hebrew omits written vowels

Hebrew personal pronouns with grammatical gender: gendered 'you' and 'they', 10 forms total

Can use all 10 Hebrew personal pronouns correctly, including gendered forms of 'you' and 'they'

Hebrew demonstrative pronouns: זה, זאת, אלה and the post-nominal demonstrative

Can use demonstrative pronouns and the post-nominal demonstrative construction correctly

Hebrew has no 'to be' in the present tense — noun phrases and adjective phrases form complete sentences directly

Can form simple present-tense sentences in Hebrew without using 'to be', including identity, description, and location statements

Hebrew question words: מה, מי, איפה, מאין, איך, למה, מתי, כמה — and yes/no question formation

Can ask basic questions using מה, מי, איפה, מאין, איך, למה, מתי, כמה and form yes/no questions

Negation with לא and אין in Hebrew

Can negate sentences and express absence using לא and אין

Expressing possession with של and contracted possessive pronouns

Can express possession using של and contracted forms שלי/שלך etc.

Expressing existence and possession with יש and אין

Can express what exists and what someone has using יש and אין

Extended question words: כמה, איזה/איזו, של מי, עם מי, למה

Can form questions using כמה, איזה/איזו, של מי, עם מי, and למה

Basic Hebrew conjunctions: ו-, אבל, כי, ש-, או, גם

Can connect clauses and sentences using basic Hebrew conjunctions

Hebrew numbers 1-10 have masculine and feminine forms — counter-intuitively, masculine nouns take the feminine-looking number and vice versa

Can use numbers 0-10 correctly with both masculine and feminine Hebrew nouns

Hebrew numbers 11-100: teen compounds, tens formed from root numbers, compound numbers with וְ

Can use Hebrew numbers 11-100 including teens and compound numbers with correct gender agreement

Days of the week, months, and telling time in Hebrew

Can name days of the week and months, and ask/tell the time

Hebrew definite article ה (ha-) prefixed to nouns and adjectives; guttural consonant variants; no indefinite article

Can correctly use the definite article ה on nouns and adjectives, including before guttural consonants, and identify indefinite nouns

Masculine and feminine gender in Hebrew nouns

Can identify masculine and feminine nouns and use correct gender agreement

Forming masculine and feminine plurals in Hebrew

Can form plurals of common Hebrew nouns

Basic construct state (סמיכות): noun compounds without של

Can recognize and use common construct state noun phrases

The most common Hebrew verb pattern (Pa'al), present tense: 4 forms based on gender and number of subject, not person

Can conjugate common Pa'al verbs in the present tense using all 4 gender/number forms correctly

Modal verbs: can, want, need — with gender agreement and infinitive construction

Can express ability, desire and need using יכול, רוצה, צריך with correct gender agreement

Hebrew imperative mood: commands and requests, with gender/number forms and future-as-command

Can give simple commands and requests in the correct gender/number form

Pa'al binyan past tense: full conjugation paradigm with all persons

Can conjugate regular Pa'al verbs in the past tense for all persons and genders

Pa'al binyan future tense — prefix conjugation

Can conjugate common Pa'al verbs in the future tense for all persons

Core prepositions ב- (in/at), ל- (to/for), מ- (from) and their fusion with ה

Can use ב-, ל-, מ- to express location, direction, and origin

Hebrew prepositions: על (on/about), עם (with), בלי (without)

Can use על, עם, and בלי correctly to describe location, accompaniment, and absence

Adjectives in Hebrew: gender agreement, position, and definite forms

Can use adjectives with correct gender/number agreement after nouns

Common time adverbs in Hebrew: today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, always, never

Can use common time adverbs to describe when actions occur