Tham khảo ngữ pháp

Nắm vững ngữ pháp với các giải thích và ví dụ toàn diện

123 chủ đề10 danh mục

Chế độ kiểm tra

Thi cử:

Akkusativ vollständig

Full accusative declension with all article types and personal pronouns

Can apply accusative endings to all article types

5 Ví dụdiagram

Dativ vollständig

Full dative declension with all article types, pronouns, and dative verbs

Can apply dative endings and use dative verbs correctly

5 Ví dụdiagram

Genitiv

The genitive case for possession and certain prepositions

Can express possession and use genitive prepositions

4 Ví dụdiagram

Akkusativ: Einführung

Introduction to the accusative case

Can use the accusative case for direct objects

3 Ví dụdiagram

Dativ bei Körperteilen

Mir tut der Kopf weh — dative with body parts

Can describe pain and body issues using dative

3 Ví dụdiagram

Nominalstil und Verbalstil

Converting between noun-heavy academic style (bei der Durchführung der Messung) and verbal style; when each register wins

I can convert fluently between nominal and verbal style and pick the right register.

2 Ví dụ

Erweiterte Partizipialattribute

The left-branching monster: die im Keller gefundenen, seit Jahren vermissten Akten; building, reading and unwinding into relative clauses

I can read, build and unwind extended participial attributes including the gerundive.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Relativsätze (Nominativ/Akkusativ)

Relative clauses with relative pronouns in nominative and accusative

Can define people and things using relative clauses

4 Ví dụdiagram

W-Fragen

Question words: wie, wo, woher, was, wer

Can ask basic questions about personal information

3 Ví dụdiagram

Relativsätze (Dativ/Präpositional)

Relative clauses with dative and prepositional relative pronouns

Can form relative clauses with dative and prepositions

4 Ví dụdiagram

Indirekte Fragen

Embedded questions with ob and W-words

Can embed questions politely in longer sentences

4 Ví dụ

Gesprochene Syntax: weil mit Verbzweit

How spoken German really builds sentences: weil/obwohl + V2, left dislocation (Der Peter, der...), Operator-Skopus, Abbruch and repair

I understand and use spoken-syntax patterns like weil + V2 and dislocation appropriately.

2 Ví dụ

Partizipialsätze

Adverbial participle clauses: In Eile gepackt, fehlte die Zahnbürste; Partizip I for simultaneity; the subject rule and fixed formulas

I can use adverbial participle clauses and their fixed formulas without dangling them.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Wortstellung im Mittelfeld

Inside the verbal bracket: pronouns before nouns, TeKaMoLo for adverbials, definite before indefinite, and how focus bends the rules

I can order pronouns, objects and adverbials in the Mittelfeld and bend the rules for focus.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Zweiteilige Konnektoren

Paired connectors: sowohl...als auch, weder...noch, entweder...oder, etc.

Can use paired connectors for balanced sentence structures

4 Ví dụ

Freie Relativsätze: wer, wessen, was

Headless relatives: Wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben; the wer...der case matching; was after alles/nichts/das

I can build wer/was free relatives with the right case bridge and sentence-was.

2 Ví dụ

Temporalsätze (als/wenn/nachdem/bevor/während)

Complex temporal clauses with precise time relationships

Can express precise time relationships with temporal clauses

4 Ví dụdiagram

Kausale/Konzessive/Konditionale Sätze

Advanced cause, concession, and condition clauses with varied connectors

Can argue using cause, concession, and condition clauses

4 Ví dụ

Nachfeld und Ausklammerung

Breaking the bracket legally: comparisons after the verb (besser als gedacht), heavy phrases, spoken Ausklammerung; what may leave the frame

I know what may legally leave the verbal bracket and what must stay inside.

2 Ví dụ

Die Funktionen von „es"

The es inventory: weather-es, Platzhalter-es (Es wurde getanzt), Korrelat-es (Ich hasse es, zu...), which es vanishes under inversion

I can tell the four es-types apart and apply the inversion test.

2 Ví dụ

Gehobene Konnektoren: gleichwohl, indes, mithin

The upper-register connector shelf: gleichwohl, indes(sen), mithin, folglich, demnach, überdies, freilich; position and tone

I can deploy upper-register connectors with correct inversion and register fit.

2 Ví dụ

Nebensätze: dass, wenn, ob

Subordinate clauses with dass, wenn, and ob

Can form complex sentences with dass, wenn, and ob

4 Ví dụdiagram

Temporale Konnektoren

Time-related connectors for sequencing events

Can sequence events using temporal connectors

4 Ví dụ

TMP-Wortstellung

The temporal-modal-place word order rule

Can order time, manner, and place correctly in sentences

4 Ví dụdiagram

Negation mit 'nicht'

Negating sentences with nicht

Can negate statements using nicht

3 Ví dụdiagram

Kausale/Konzessive Konnektoren

Advanced connectors for cause and concession

Can express cause and concession with advanced connectors

4 Ví dụ

Negation mit 'kein'

Negating nouns with kein/keine/keinen

Can negate nouns using kein/keine

3 Ví dụdiagram

Konnektoren: und, aber, oder

Basic connectors that don't change word order

Can connect simple sentences with und, aber, oder

3 Ví dụ

Wortstellung mit Zeitangaben

Word order when time expressions come first

Can place time expressions correctly in sentences

3 Ví dụdiagram

'Es gibt' + Akkusativ

There is/there are with accusative

Can describe what exists in a place using es gibt

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalverb-Satzrahmen

Modal verb at position 2, infinitive at the end

Can build sentences with modal verb and final infinitive

3 Ví dụdiagram

'Es gibt' im Kontext

Using es gibt for places and directions

Can give directions and describe places using es gibt

3 Ví dụdiagram

Nebensatz mit 'weil'

Subordinate clauses with weil — verb goes to end

Can give reasons using weil with verb-final order

3 Ví dụdiagram

Alphabet & Aussprache

German alphabet and key pronunciation rules

Can spell words and recognize German pronunciation patterns

3 Ví dụ

Archaische Formen: des Nachts, gen Süden

The archaic layer alive in idioms and irony: adverbial genitives (des Nachts, eines Tages), gen, ob + Gen, dereinst, -e dative (im Walde)

I can recognize archaic forms, their idiom shelters and their ironic potential.

2 Ví dụ

Amtsdeutsch dekodieren

Reading bureaucratic German: zwecks, betreffs, vorbehaltlich, ist Folge zu leisten; the grammar of forms and notices; writing a Widerspruch

I can decode official notices and file a formally correct Widerspruch.

2 Ví dụ

Komposita und Wortbildung

The compounding machine: head-right rule, Fugenelemente (-s-, -n-, -e-), nonce compounds, when to hyphenate, decoding monsters

I can build and decode compounds with correct heads, joints and hyphens.

2 Ví dụ

Zahlen 0-10

Numbers from zero to ten

Can understand and use numbers in everyday situations

3 Ví dụdiagram

Norm und Usus: wegen + Dativ, brauchen ohne zu

Where codified norm and live usage split: wegen dem, brauchen ohne zu, größer wie, gewinkt/gewunken, Konjunktiv decline, am + Superlativ + von

I know the live norm battles and read each variant's social signal.

2 Ví dụ

Muttersprachler-Fehler: das/dass, Deppenapostroph

Errors only natives make: das/dass, seid/seit, Standart, einzigste, Deppenapostroph (Anna's Imbiss), wie/als - system logic and social signal

I can spot native-speaker errors, explain their system logic and read their social signal.

2 Ví dụ

Zahlen 11-100

Numbers from eleven to one hundred

Can understand and say numbers up to one hundred

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalpartikeln: Kombinationen und Feinheiten

Particle stacking and order: doch mal, ja auch, halt eben; regional halt/eben; irony via particles; the fixed combination order

I can stack modal particles in their fixed order and tune tone with them.

2 Ví dụ

Nominalisierung

Turning verbs and adjectives into nouns

Can transform verbs and adjectives into nouns in formal style

4 Ví dụ

Prosodie und Satzakzent

Meaning through stress: ICH habe das nicht gesagt (six readings), particle scope (nur/auch/sogar), contrastive accent vs word order

I can move sentence stress to recolor German sentences and anchor particle scope.

2 Ví dụ

Kommasetzung: die Feinheiten

The optional commas that change meaning: Infinitivgruppen rules, scharf nachdenken vs appositions, comma before und in complex rows, Gedankenstrich

I can place the meaning-bearing commas of Infinitivgruppen and appositions.

2 Ví dụ

Stilregister: fünf Stimmen

One message, five registers: Amtsdeutsch, academic, journalistic, colloquial, intimate; the signals (Konjunktiv, particles, Nominalstil) and seam control

I can recast one message across five German registers and switch without seams.

2 Ví dụ

Regionale Standards: de-AT und de-CH

Pluricentric German grammar: ich bin gestanden (south), das E-Mail, Jänner, ß-loss in Switzerland, der/das Butter - variants, not errors

I can recognize Austrian and Swiss standard variants and adjust my expectations per country.

2 Ví dụ

Wortbildung (Komposita, Präfixe, Suffixe)

German word formation: compounds, prefixes, and suffixes

Can understand and create compound words and derivations

4 Ví dụdiagram

B2-Prüfungsvorbereitung

Review and consolidation for Goethe-Zertifikat B2

Can apply all B2 grammar in Goethe exam task formats

4 Ví dụ

A2 Prüfungsvorbereitung

Review of all A2 grammar for Goethe-Zertifikat A2

Can apply all A2 grammar in Goethe exam task formats

4 Ví dụ

Uhrzeit

Telling time officially and colloquially

Can ask for and tell the time in German

3 Ví dụdiagram

Zahlen 100-1000 & Preise

Large numbers and talking about prices

Can understand and use large numbers and prices

3 Ví dụ

Monate, Jahreszeiten & Daten

Months, seasons, and expressing dates

Can express months, seasons, and dates in German

3 Ví dụ

Satzmelodie & Betonung

German sentence intonation patterns and word stress rules

Can recognize and produce basic German intonation patterns for statements and questions

4 Ví dụ

Präteritum regelmäßige Verben

Simple past tense formation for regular (weak) verbs

Can narrate past events using regular simple past forms

4 Ví dụdiagram

Passiv mit Modalverben

Passive voice combined with modal verbs

Can combine passive voice with modal verbs in formal texts

4 Ví dụdiagram

Passiversatzformen

Alternative constructions that express passive meaning without werden

Can use alternative passive constructions like lassen + sich

4 Ví dụdiagram

Präteritum unregelmäßige Verben

Simple past of irregular (strong) verbs with stem vowel changes

Can use irregular simple past forms in written narratives

4 Ví dụdiagram

Plusquamperfekt

Past perfect tense for events before another past event

Can express events that happened before other past events

4 Ví dụ

Subjektive Modalverben

Modals as evidence markers: er muss/dürfte/könnte/mag krank sein (degrees of certainty); er soll (hearsay) vs er will (his own claim)

I can grade certainty with modal verbs and mark hearsay and self-claims with soll/will.

2 Ví dụ

Konjunktiv II (vollständig)

Complete Konjunktiv II system including past and complex conditions

Can express complex unreal conditions in past and present

4 Ví dụdiagram

Regelmäßige Verbkonjugation

Conjugating regular verbs like heißen, kommen

Can introduce themselves using simple present tense verbs

3 Ví dụdiagram

Funktionsverbgefüge

Light-verb constructions of formal German: zur Verfügung stellen, in Betracht ziehen, Anwendung finden; passive-like and aspect effects

I can use core Funktionsverbgefüge with their fixed shapes and causative/inchoative pairs.

2 Ví dụ

Konjunktiv I (indirekte Rede)

Konjunktiv I for reported speech in formal German

Can report speech formally using Konjunktiv I

4 Ví dụdiagram

Partizipialkonstruktionen

Partizip I and II used as adjectives before nouns

Can understand and use extended participial attributes

4 Ví dụdiagram

Futur I & II

Future tenses: werden + Infinitiv (I) and werden + Partizip II + haben/sein (II)

Can express future plans and completed future actions

4 Ví dụ

Reflexive Verben

Verbs with reflexive pronouns referring back to the subject

Can use reflexive verbs for daily routines and feelings

5 Ví dụdiagram

Passiv Präsens

Present tense passive voice: werden + Partizip II

Can form and understand passive voice in present tense

4 Ví dụdiagram

Das Verb 'sein'

Conjugation and usage of sein (to be)

Can describe people and things using the verb sein

6 Ví dụdiagram

Perfekt mit sein

Perfect tense with sein as auxiliary for movement and state-change verbs

Can choose sein or haben correctly in perfect tense

5 Ví dụdiagram

Passiv Präteritum & Perfekt

Past passive: wurde + Partizip II and ist + Partizip II + worden

Can describe past events using passive voice

4 Ví dụdiagram

Präteritum (sein, haben, Modalverben)

Simple past tense of sein, haben, and modal verbs

Can narrate using simple past of sein, haben, and modals

5 Ví dụdiagram

Regelmäßige Verben

Regular verb pattern with wohnen, spielen, lernen

Can talk about daily activities using regular verbs

3 Ví dụdiagram

Das Verb 'haben'

Conjugation and usage of haben (to have)

Can express possession using the verb haben

3 Ví dụdiagram

Konjunktiv II (Grundformen)

Subjunctive II for polite requests, wishes, and unreal conditions

Can make polite requests and express wishes with Konj. II

5 Ví dụdiagram

Konjunktiv II (würde + Infinitiv)

The würde-construction for Konjunktiv II of most verbs

Can express hypothetical situations using würde + infinitive

4 Ví dụdiagram

Verben mit festen Präfixen

Inseparable prefix verbs: be-, er-, ver-, ent-, emp-, ge-, miss-, zer-

Can use inseparable prefix verbs with correct meanings

4 Ví dụ

Indirekte Rede der Presse

Journalistic Konjunktiv I in full: backshift-free reporting, würde/Konjunktiv II as replacement when forms collide, tense layers (sei gewesen)

I can report in journalistic Konjunktiv I with the full replacement cascade.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Infinitiv mit zu

Infinitive clauses with zu, um...zu, ohne...zu, statt...zu

Can form infinitive clauses with zu for purposes and conditions

5 Ví dụdiagram

Verben mit Genitiv

The noble remnant: gedenken, bedürfen, sich erfreuen, beschuldigen, sich enthalten; legal and solemn registers

I can use the genitive verbs in their legal and ceremonial homes.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Verben mit Präpositionalergänzung

Verbs that require a specific preposition

Can use verbs with their required prepositions correctly

5 Ví dụ

Verbstämme auf -t/-d

Verbs with stems ending in -t or -d need extra -e-

Can correctly conjugate verbs with -t/-d stems

3 Ví dụ

Imperativ (alle Formen)

Complete imperative forms for du, ihr, and Sie

Can give commands in all registers: du, ihr, and Sie

5 Ví dụdiagram

Verben mit Dativ und Akkusativ

Verbs that take both a dative and accusative object

Can use verbs with both dative and accusative objects

4 Ví dụ

Stammvokaländerung

Stem-changing verbs: fahren→fährt, lesen→liest

Can use common stem-changing verbs in conversation

3 Ví dụdiagram

Trennbare Verben

Separable verbs: aufstehen, anfangen, einkaufen

Can use separable verbs to describe daily routines

3 Ví dụdiagram

Das Verb 'essen'

Irregular conjugation of essen (to eat)

Can talk about eating using the irregular verb essen

3 Ví dụ

'möchten' (Wunschform)

Using möchten to express wishes politely

Can express polite wishes and requests with möchten

3 Ví dụ

Trennbare Verben im Kontext

Separable verbs in shopping and daily contexts

Can use separable verbs in shopping and daily life

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalverb 'können'

können for ability and possibility

Can express ability and ask for permission with können

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalverb 'müssen'

müssen for obligation and necessity

Can express obligation and necessity with müssen

3 Ví dụdiagram

Imperativ (Sie-Form)

Formal commands: Gehen Sie! Nehmen Sie!

Can give formal instructions and commands

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalverb 'dürfen'

dürfen for permission and prohibition

Can express permission and prohibition with dürfen

3 Ví dụdiagram

Imperativ (du-Form)

Informal commands: Geh! Nimm! Lies!

Can give informal commands to friends and family

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalverb 'wollen'

wollen for wishes and intentions

Can express wishes and intentions with wollen

3 Ví dụdiagram

Perfekt: Einführung

Introduction to past tense with haben + Partizip II

Can talk about past events using the perfect tense

3 Ví dụdiagram

Perfekt: regelmäßige Verben

Perfect tense with regular verbs: ge- + stem + -t

Can form past participles of regular verbs correctly

3 Ví dụdiagram

Perfekt: unregelmäßige Verben

Perfect tense with irregular verbs: ge- + stem + -en

Can use irregular past participles in conversation

3 Ví dụdiagram

Akkusativpräpositionen

Prepositions that always require the accusative case

Can use accusative prepositions für, durch, gegen, ohne

4 Ví dụdiagram

Genitivpräpositionen

The formal preposition shelf: infolge, angesichts, anlässlich, zugunsten, mangels, seitens, anhand; Dativ encroachment (wegen, trotz)

I can deploy the formal genitive prepositions with correct case and meaning.

2 Ví dụdiagram

Dativpräpositionen (vollständig)

All prepositions that always require the dative case

Can use all dative prepositions in routine contexts

4 Ví dụdiagram

Wechselpräpositionen (vollständig)

Two-way prepositions with full accusative/dative contrast

Can use all two-way prepositions with correct case

5 Ví dụdiagram

Dativpräpositionen

Prepositions with dative: in, an, auf, bei, mit

Can describe locations using basic dative prepositions

3 Ví dụdiagram

Wechselpräpositionen

Two-way prepositions: accusative vs. dative

Can distinguish location and direction with two-way prepositions

3 Ví dụdiagram

Zeitpräpositionen

Time prepositions: am, um, von...bis, im

Can talk about times and dates using am, um, im

3 Ví dụdiagram

Personalpronomen

Personal pronouns in nominative case

Can use personal pronouns to refer to people

3 Ví dụdiagram

Personalpronomen im Akkusativ

Personal pronouns as direct objects in the accusative case

Can replace direct objects with accusative pronouns

4 Ví dụdiagram

Präpositionalpronomen (darauf, worauf)

Da(r)- and wo(r)- compounds for things with prepositional verbs

Can replace prepositional phrases with da(r)- and wo(r)-

4 Ví dụ

Demonstrativpronomen

This/that: dieser, diese, dieses

Can point out specific items using dieser/diese/dieses

3 Ví dụdiagram

Komparativ & Superlativ

Comparing things using comparative and superlative forms

Can compare things using comparative and superlative forms

4 Ví dụdiagram

Adjektivdeklination Typ 1

Adjective endings after definite articles (der, die, das)

Can add correct adjective endings after definite articles

4 Ví dụdiagram

Adjektivdeklination Typ 2+3

Adjective endings after indefinite articles (Type 2) and without articles (Type 3)

Can use adjective endings after indefinite and zero articles

4 Ví dụdiagram

Adjektive für Personen

Describing people: groß, klein, alt, jung

Can describe people using basic adjectives

3 Ví dụ

Farben als Adjektive

Using color words as adjectives

Can describe objects using color adjectives

3 Ví dụ

Genus & bestimmte Artikel

German grammatical gender and der/die/das

Can use der, die, das correctly with common nouns

3 Ví dụdiagram

Possessivartikel

Possessive articles mein/dein/sein/ihr

Can express possession using possessive articles

3 Ví dụdiagram

Modalpartikeln

Small words (doch, ja, mal, eben, halt, eigentlich, denn) that add nuance

Can use modal particles to sound more natural in German

5 Ví dụ

Wochentage & Häufigkeit

Days of the week and frequency adverbs

Can talk about weekly schedules and frequency

3 Ví dụ

gern / lieber / am liebsten

Expressing preferences with gern, lieber, am liebsten

Can express likes and preferences using gern/lieber

3 Ví dụ

Häufigkeitsadverbien

immer, oft, manchmal, selten, nie

Can describe how often things happen using adverbs

3 Ví dụ

N-Deklination

Masculine nouns that add -(e)n in all cases except nominative singular

Can decline weak masculine nouns in all cases

4 Ví dụ

Pluralbildung

Basic plural formation patterns in German

Can form and recognize plural nouns in German

3 Ví dụdiagram

Berufe ohne Artikel

Professions used without articles after sein

Can state professions without articles after sein

3 Ví dụ

Tham khảo ngữ pháp

Cách

Akkusativ vollständig

Dativ vollständig

Genitiv

Akkusativ: Einführung

Dativ bei Körperteilen

Cấu trúc câu

Nominalstil und Verbalstil

Erweiterte Partizipialattribute

Relativsätze (Nominativ/Akkusativ)

W-Fragen

Relativsätze (Dativ/Präpositional)

Indirekte Fragen

Gesprochene Syntax: weil mit Verbzweit

Partizipialsätze

Wortstellung im Mittelfeld

Zweiteilige Konnektoren

Freie Relativsätze: wer, wessen, was

Temporalsätze (als/wenn/nachdem/bevor/während)

Kausale/Konzessive/Konditionale Sätze

Nachfeld und Ausklammerung

Die Funktionen von „es"

Gehobene Konnektoren: gleichwohl, indes, mithin

Nebensätze: dass, wenn, ob

Temporale Konnektoren

TMP-Wortstellung

Negation mit 'nicht'

Kausale/Konzessive Konnektoren

Negation mit 'kein'

Konnektoren: und, aber, oder

Wortstellung mit Zeitangaben

'Es gibt' + Akkusativ

Modalverb-Satzrahmen

'Es gibt' im Kontext

Nebensatz mit 'weil'

Khác

Alphabet & Aussprache

Archaische Formen: des Nachts, gen Süden

Amtsdeutsch dekodieren

Komposita und Wortbildung

Zahlen 0-10

Norm und Usus: wegen + Dativ, brauchen ohne zu

Muttersprachler-Fehler: das/dass, Deppenapostroph

Zahlen 11-100

Modalpartikeln: Kombinationen und Feinheiten

Nominalisierung

Prosodie und Satzakzent

Kommasetzung: die Feinheiten

Stilregister: fünf Stimmen

Regionale Standards: de-AT und de-CH

Wortbildung (Komposita, Präfixe, Suffixe)

B2-Prüfungsvorbereitung

A2 Prüfungsvorbereitung

Uhrzeit

Zahlen 100-1000 & Preise

Monate, Jahreszeiten & Daten

Satzmelodie & Betonung

Động từ

Präteritum regelmäßige Verben

Passiv mit Modalverben

Passiversatzformen

Präteritum unregelmäßige Verben

Plusquamperfekt

Subjektive Modalverben

Konjunktiv II (vollständig)

Regelmäßige Verbkonjugation

Funktionsverbgefüge

Konjunktiv I (indirekte Rede)

Partizipialkonstruktionen

Futur I & II

Reflexive Verben

Passiv Präsens

Das Verb 'sein'

Perfekt mit sein

Passiv Präteritum & Perfekt

Präteritum (sein, haben, Modalverben)

Regelmäßige Verben

Das Verb 'haben'

Konjunktiv II (Grundformen)